Respiratory system Flashcards
The respiratory system is made up of 2 parts?
1) the upper respiratory tract
2) lower respiratory tract
The upper respiratory tract is made up of?
The airway from nose, through larynx ( head and neck )
The lower respiratory tract is made up of?
The trachea and all components of the lungs ( thorax )
The respiratory system is divided into 2 zones?
1) Conduction zone
2) respiratory zone
What are the components and the function of the conduction zone?
1) nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi’s and bronchiole
2) getting air in and out and filtering any not wanted particles
What is the components and function of the respiratory zone?
1) bronchiole, alveolar duct and alveoli
2) gas exchange
The lungs are divided into regions called?
Lobes. The right has 3 and the left has 2
Name some functions of the respiratory system?
1) filter, warm and humidity air
2) transport air from outside the body to the lungs
3) gas exchange between lungs and blood to enable oxygenation of body tissues
4) to expel waste products of cell metabolism such as C02
What is the function of the nose and nasal cavity?
1) Warms, cleanses and humidifies
2) detects smell
3) amplifies voice
What is the function of the pharynx?
Passageway for air, fluids and food
What if the function of the larynx (voice box)?
1) sound production
2) keeps food and drink out of trachea
What is the function of the bronchi?
Conducts air
What is the function of the alveoli?
gas exchange occur
Gas exchange occurs across the respiratory membrane, which is made up of what alveolar cells?
Squamous
There are 2 types of alveoli, what type of cells are they made up of?
Type 1- squamous Epithelial cells
Type 2- round cuboidal Epithelial cells
Oxygen diffuses from the alveoli to the pulmonary Venule. Co2 diffuses from the pulmonary arteriole to the ?
Alveoli
What is internal respiration?
Oxygen is unloaded by the tissue capillaries and taken up by the tissue cells
What is cell respiration?
The use of O2 and Co2 to produce energy in a process called aerobic respiration.
Glucose + O2 > Co2 + water + ATP
Cilia and mucus are found in?
Trachea
What 2 key processes are involved in the mechanism of breathing?
1) external respiration
2) internal respiration
What is inspiration?
A process during normal, quiet breathing
What are the main muscles involved in normal, quiet breathing in an adult?
Intercostal muscles and diaphragm
Describe what occurs in enable inspiration?
The lung pressure is reduced when the diaphragm moves downwards and the thoracic cage moves upwards and outwards which increases the capacity of the lungs
Where is the respiratory centre located?
In the brain stem
The main stimulus of breathing is the increase in levels of Co2 in the blood. When level of Co2 in the bloody increases which is detected by?
The chemoreceptors
