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Physiology & Pharmacology > Digestive System > Flashcards

Digestive System Flashcards

1
Q

What are the digestive TRACT organs?

A 
Mouth
Esophagus 
Stomach
Rectum
Anus
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2
Q

What are the accessory organs in the digestive system?

A

Pancreas
Liver
Gallbladder

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3
Q

What are the four quadrants in the abdominal cavity?

A

Right upper - Liver, Gallbladder, T Colon and Pancreas
Right lower - A Colon and Small intestine
Left upper - Pancreas, Stomach and Spleen
Left lower - D Colon, S Colon and Small intestine

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4
Q

What is Ingestion?

A

Food taken in orally

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5
Q

What is proplusion?

A

Movement by peristalsis ( muscle contractions to move food to different processing station in digestive tract )

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6
Q

What is absorption?

A

Molecules move across digestive system tract ( GI tract ) in to blood

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7
Q

What is assimilation?

A

Molecules move from the blood to the cells and becomes part of the body tissues

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8
Q

What is elimination?

A

Removal of waste food material

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9
Q

What is contained in the mouth?

A

Teeth
Tongue
Salivary glands

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10
Q

What are the functions of saliva?

A

Destroys bacteria
Washing away food
Preventing dental cavities ( neutralises acid )

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11
Q

What structure prevents food from entering the trachea?

A

Epiglottis

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12
Q

Swallowing consists of movement between what 3 structures?

A

Mouth
Pharynx
Oesophagus

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13
Q

What are the 4 layers of the digestive tract?

A

Mucosa - inner layer, protects gut
Submucosa - transports products of digestion
Muscularis - 3rd layer and responsible for peristalsis ( contractions )
Serosa - outer layer and responsible for protection

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14
Q

What does the oesophagus connect?

A

The pharynx to the stomach

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15
Q

Why does the oesophagus have an upward curve?

A

Prevent food going back in

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16
Q

The stomach is divided into 3 parts

  • Fundus ( top )
  • The body ( middle )
  • ….. ( lower )
A

Antrum

17
Q

What’s the function of goblet cells in the stomach?

A

Coats and protects the stomach lining

18
Q

What do G cells produce in the stomach?

A

Hormone gastric which regulates gastric secretions ( responsible for the stomachs ability to initiate digestion of proteins )

19
Q

What are the 3 sections of the small intestine?

A

Duodenum
Jejunum
Ileum

20
Q

What are the main features of the small intestine that suits its role of nutrient absorption?

A

Large surface area - intestine walls, villi and microvilli

Network of capillaries - absorption of nutrients

21
Q

What are the functions of the large intestines?

A
  • Absorption of water / electrolytes
  • storage and elimination of faeces
  • bacteria produce vitamins
  • appendix has immune function
22
Q

Why is there little nutrient absorption in the large intestine?

A

No villi

23
Q

Why is it important that the contents of the large intestine do not re-nter the ileum?

A

Bacteria commensals (good bacteria) in the large intestine because they are not commensals in the ileum

24
Q

What are commensals?

A

Microorganisms that are harmless in their particular part of the body

25
Q

What is the function of the liver?

A

Makes bile which emulsifiers fats and aids fat absorption

26
Q

What’s the function of the gall bladder?

A

Stores bile ready for secretion in to the duodenum

27
Q

What does the greatest amount of digestion occur?

A

Small intestine

28
Q

The pancreatic duct opens which of the following regions of the digestive tract?

A

Duodenum

29
Q

The main functions of the digestive system are?

A

Ingestion, digestion, propulsion, secretion, absorption, assimilation and elimination

30
Q

What is the trace of path food takes down the body?

A 
Mouth
Oesophagus 
Stomach 
Small intestine 
Large intestine
31
Q

What allows chyme to enter the small intestine?

A

A sphincter between the stomach and the small intestine

32
Q

What organ is part of the large intestine?

A

Rectum

33
Q

Name an organ considered to be an accessory organ to the digestive system?

A

Liver

Physiology & Pharmacology (30 decks)

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