Digestive System Flashcards
What are the digestive TRACT organs?
Mouth Esophagus Stomach Rectum Anus
What are the accessory organs in the digestive system?
Pancreas
Liver
Gallbladder
What are the four quadrants in the abdominal cavity?
Right upper - Liver, Gallbladder, T Colon and Pancreas
Right lower - A Colon and Small intestine
Left upper - Pancreas, Stomach and Spleen
Left lower - D Colon, S Colon and Small intestine
What is Ingestion?
Food taken in orally
What is proplusion?
Movement by peristalsis ( muscle contractions to move food to different processing station in digestive tract )
What is absorption?
Molecules move across digestive system tract ( GI tract ) in to blood
What is assimilation?
Molecules move from the blood to the cells and becomes part of the body tissues
What is elimination?
Removal of waste food material
What is contained in the mouth?
Teeth
Tongue
Salivary glands
What are the functions of saliva?
Destroys bacteria
Washing away food
Preventing dental cavities ( neutralises acid )
What structure prevents food from entering the trachea?
Epiglottis
Swallowing consists of movement between what 3 structures?
Mouth
Pharynx
Oesophagus
What are the 4 layers of the digestive tract?
Mucosa - inner layer, protects gut
Submucosa - transports products of digestion
Muscularis - 3rd layer and responsible for peristalsis ( contractions )
Serosa - outer layer and responsible for protection
What does the oesophagus connect?
The pharynx to the stomach
Why does the oesophagus have an upward curve?
Prevent food going back in
The stomach is divided into 3 parts
- Fundus ( top )
- The body ( middle )
- ….. ( lower )
Antrum
What’s the function of goblet cells in the stomach?
Coats and protects the stomach lining
What do G cells produce in the stomach?
Hormone gastric which regulates gastric secretions ( responsible for the stomachs ability to initiate digestion of proteins )
What are the 3 sections of the small intestine?
Duodenum
Jejunum
Ileum
What are the main features of the small intestine that suits its role of nutrient absorption?
Large surface area - intestine walls, villi and microvilli
Network of capillaries - absorption of nutrients
What are the functions of the large intestines?
- Absorption of water / electrolytes
- storage and elimination of faeces
- bacteria produce vitamins
- appendix has immune function
Why is there little nutrient absorption in the large intestine?
No villi
Why is it important that the contents of the large intestine do not re-nter the ileum?
Bacteria commensals (good bacteria) in the large intestine because they are not commensals in the ileum
What are commensals?
Microorganisms that are harmless in their particular part of the body
What is the function of the liver?
Makes bile which emulsifiers fats and aids fat absorption
What’s the function of the gall bladder?
Stores bile ready for secretion in to the duodenum
What does the greatest amount of digestion occur?
Small intestine
The pancreatic duct opens which of the following regions of the digestive tract?
Duodenum
The main functions of the digestive system are?
Ingestion, digestion, propulsion, secretion, absorption, assimilation and elimination
What is the trace of path food takes down the body?
Mouth Oesophagus Stomach Small intestine Large intestine
What allows chyme to enter the small intestine?
A sphincter between the stomach and the small intestine
What organ is part of the large intestine?
Rectum
Name an organ considered to be an accessory organ to the digestive system?
Liver
