Cells, Tissues & Organs Flashcards
What are the four main types of tissue?
- Epithelial
- Connective
- Muscle
- Nervous
What is Epithelial Tissue?
Forms the lining layer on the outer and inner surfaces of organs
What is connective tissue?
Tissues and organs are supported and held in position in the body by connective tissue which binds, supports and protects other body tissues
What cells are found in Connective tissue?
Fibroblasts - secrete extracellular fibres
Mast cells - secrete histamine in inflammatory reactions
Macrophages - engulf pathogens, ageing, damaged and cancer cells
Two or more different tissues form a ..
Organ
What’s the order of the cells and the body?
Molecules Organelles Cells Tissues Organs Organ System Organism
Which organ processes digested nutrients and is the largest organ inside the body?
Liver
What’s the largest organ outside of the body?
Skin
What tissue is abundant in the wall of the heart?
Muscle
What system transports oxygen and nutrients to the cells of the body?
The Circulatory system
What organ system does the trachea belong to?
Respiratory
The stomach belongs to what system?
Digestive
What organs are involved in the intake of O2?
Respiratory
Muscular
Nervous
What type of tissue forms a packing material that surrounds and protects organs by cushioning them?
Connective tissue
Examples of a cell?
Red blood cell
Cardiac muscle cell
Three main components of the cardiovascular system?
Heart
Blood vessels
Blood
What are the three layers of the heart wall?
Pericardium - outer protective layer
Myocardium - thick, responsible for forcing out bloody of heart chambers
Endocardium - line the interior surface of the heart and all blood vessels
Cardiac muscles are located in the walls of the heart & they are ..
Striated ( striped )
The pericardium has what function?
Reduces friction between the 2 pericardial membranes
Where does the blood flow through the heart?
Deoxygenated bloody through superior vena cava Right atrium Right ventricle Pulmonary artery ( to lungs ) Pulmonary vein ( from lungs ) Left atrium Left ventricle Aorta Back round body
What is the valve called in between the right atrium and right ventricle?
Tricuspid valve
What’s the valve called in between the right right ventricle going to the pulmonary artery?
Pulmonary valve
Which chamber of the heart has the thickest wall?
Left ventricle because lots of muscle, creates a lot of pressure, creates such a great force to pump the blood around the body
Which blood vessel lacks smooth muscle tissue in its wall?
Capillary
Which bloody vessel carries deoxygenated blood to the lungs?
Pulmonary arteries
Which artery do you usually record the pulse rate in?
Radial artery
What is the largest diameter artery in the human body?
Aorta
What is the largest diameter vein in the human body?
Inferior vena cava
What organelle functions in cellular respiration to produce energy?
Mitochondrion (energy plant)
What organelle functions to package and deliver proteins?
Golgi body (Post office and parcel sorting centre)
The rough endoplasmic reticulum functions to?
Manufacture and transport proteins (Road and Rail)
What organelle is responsible for destroying worn out cell parts?
Lysosomes ( recycling plant )
Genetic material is contained in the?
Nucleus (Town hall and information centre)
Which organelle is responsible for the formation of proteins within the cell?
Ribosome (Factories)
Name some characteristics of the cell membrane?
Protective Flexible Thin Encloses the contents of the cell Barrier
Describe the fluid mosaic model of the plasma membrane?
A lipid bilayer with protein molecules dispersed within it
What is diffusion?
Movement of molecules of high concentration to a lower concentration gradient
What is osmosis?
Flow of water across a membrane
Particles moving from a region of lower concentration to a region of higher concentration is called?
Active transport
