Respiratory System

Question 1

Quantity of air moved into and out of the lungs during a normal breath. Is called?

Answer 1

Tidal volume (TV)

Question 2

Quantity of air moved into and out of the lungs n one minute (MRV=TV X respiratory Rate)
Average resp. Rate is 12 breaths /min)

Answer 2

MInute Respiratory volume(MRV)

Question 3

Quantity of air that can be forcefully inspired after a normal tidal inspiration.

Answer 3

Inspiration reserve volume (IRV)

Question 4

Quantity of air that can be forcibly expired after a normal Tidal expiration.

Answer 4

Expiration reverse volume (ERV)

Question 5

Maximum quantity of air that can be moved into and out of the lungs(VC=IRV+TV+ERV)

Answer 5

Vital Capacity

Question 6

Quantity of air remaining in the lungs after a maximal expiration

Answer 6

Residual volume (RV)

Question 7

Maximum quantity of air the lungs can hold (TLC=VC+RV)

Answer 7

Total lung capacity (TLC)

Question 8

Amount of air reaching the alveoli each minute(not on graph below) Va=(resp rate) multpled by (TV-Anantomic dead space)

Answer 8

Ale Ebola ventilation ( Va)

Question 9

Is inflammation of the air passageways inside the lung(the bronchi and bronchioles). Acute bronchitis can be caused by infection(viral or bacterial ). Chronic ( THIS. ) is most commonly caused by smoking cigarettes. Sxm can involve coughing, mild fever, mild chillls and chest discomfort.

Answer 9

Bronchitis

Question 10

A general category of discorders characterized by history of smoking, dyspnea, coughing, frequent pulmonary infections, and ultimately respiratory failure. One such Dx is Emphysema, in which chronic inflammation of the lungs causes the alveoli to scar lose elasticity trap air and become permanently enlarged. This creas a “Barrel chest” appearance on visual inspection of the patient’s chest. Another example of This DX is Chronic bronchitis most commonly caused by smoking.

Answer 10

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)

Question 11

This is the angle btw the ribs and sternum. It could be less than 90 degree normally, abnormal finding, (. This ) may be larger than 90 degree in an individual with COPD.

Answer 11

Costal angle

Question 12

Instruct patient to say 99 with the health care provide is listening, in normal lung tissue, the words will sound muffled, over consolidated area, the words are unusually Lou’d.

Answer 12

Bronchophony

Question 13

Ask patient to say “E” in normal lung tissue, the E will sound muffled over consolidated area the E will sound like an A

Answer 13

Egophony

Question 14

Ask patient to whisper 1,2,3. In normal lung ties, the words will not be heard or barely heard. Over consolidated area, the numbers will be loud and clear.

Answer 14

Whispered pectoriloquy

Question 15

1. Palpable vibrations caused by air moving through respiratory air passages.
2. Increased vibration on one side could indicate (. This Dx ) or tissue consolidation in that Lung.
3. decreased vibration could indicate ( ), ( ) or ( )

Answer 15

1. Tactile Fremitus
2. pneumonia
3. emphysema, pneumothorax or pleural effusion.

Question 16

Coughing up blood

Answer 16

Hemoptysis

Question 17

1. Barrel chest
2. funnel chest
3. pigeon chest

Answer 17

1. increased front to back chest diameter, commonly seen in COPD.
2. known as pet us excavated, is a funnel shaped depression of anterior chest.(heart or lungs may be cause murmur)
3. also called pet us carinatum, referees to a sternum that protrudes out past the abdomen.

Question 18

Partial or complete collapsed lung

Answer 18

Atelectasis

Question 19

1. Dyspnea
2. Orthopnea
3. Trepopnea
4. Tachypnea

Answer 19

1. trouble breathing “SOB”
2. SOB when lying down
3. patient breaths more comfortably in a.side-lying position. May be seen in patients with congestive heart failure.
4. respiratory rate greater than 20 breaths per min. With shallow breathing. Often seen in patients who may be elderly, have lung Dx, in pain ,obesity, anxiety or due to fever.

Question 20

Deep rapid breathing. May be seen in patient sight anxiety or after exertion. In a comatose person, it may indicate hypoxia or hypoglycemia.

Answer 20

Hyperpnea

Question 21

Rapid, deep sighing breaths (more than 20 per min) indicates metabolic acidosis and Diabete is ketoacidosis.

Answer 21

Kussmaul’s respirations.

Question 22

Strokes respiration. A regular pattern of deep breaths alternating with period of apnea(each pattern lasting 20-170 sec) occurs in patient sight heart failure, kidney failure and CNS damage.

Answer 22

Cheyenne

Question 23

Rapid shallow breaths that alternate with abrupt period of apnea this type of breathing does not follow a regular pattern. This is very ominous sign of CNS damage. Often to the medulla oblongata.

Answer 23

Biot’s respirations.

Question 24

Low pitched, snoring,rattling sounds. Occurs usually on exhalation, can change or disappear with coughing. Occurs when fluid partially blocked large airways.

Answer 24

Rhonchi.

Question 25

Loud, high pitched crowing sounds.

Usually heard without stethoscope. Caused by an obstruction in the upper airway.

Answer 25

Strider