Digestive System Flashcards
Is a referred pain felt in the spigastirum upon continuous firm pressure over McBurney’s point. It is indicative of chronic appendicitis. What sign is this?
Aaron’s sign
The presence of a dull percussion note in both flanks, constant on the left side but shifting with change of position on the right. This can indicate a ruptured spleen.
Balance/ balance sign.
The abdominal wall is compressed slowly and then racially released presence of pain upon release is a positive sign and is indicative of peritonitis.
Blumberg (rebound) test/sign
Is black and clue cruising of the area around the umbilicus. Ectopic pregnancy and pancreatitis could be a cause. What sign?
Cullen’s sign
Is retraction in the right lower quadrant of the abdomen , which can be an indication of intussusception(a cause of bowel obstruction where the intestine sold in on themselves). What sign?
Dance’s sign
Brushing of flank. This can be an indication of pancreatitis or a ruptured ectopic pregnancy. What sign?
Grey-Turner sign
Is the occurrence of acute pain in the tip of the shoulder when a person is using down and the legs are elevated. This sing in the left shoulder is considered a Classical sxm of a ruptured spleen and ruptured ectopic pregnancy can also give a positive this sign.
Kehr’s sign
Pain elicited in the abdomen when a patient standing on tip toes quickly drops down onto their heels. Abdominal pain upon this jarring landing maybe indicative of peritonitis and or appendicitis. What sign?
Markle test/sign
Is the name given to the point over the right side of the human abdomen thjat is one third of the distance from the ASIS(anterior superior iliac spine) to the umbilicus. Tenderness in this area can be caused by appendicitis.
McBurney’s sign
Is elicited when gently percussing the area of the back overlying the kidney with the ulnar surface of the hand. A positive test produces pain in the people with an infection around the kidney. What test?
Murphy’s/Lewin’s punch test/sign
RLQ pain when examiner is performing internal rotation of the flexed right hip. This sign can indicate appendicitis. What sign?
Obturator sign
Is a sign of appedicitis. Positive THIS SIGN = if palpation of the lower left quadrant of a person’s abdomen results in more pain in the righ tlower quadrant. This sign may indicate appendicitis.
Rovsing’s sign
RLQ pain when the examiner hyperextends the right hip. ‘Tis sign can indicate appendicitis.
Psoas/iliopsoas sign
Pain often begins initially around umbilicus and later shifts to the RLQ . Pain will often be seen at Mc Burneys point. Nausea, vomiting and a low grade fever may be seen. Positive Aaron , Rovsing markle and Mc burneys signs.
Appendicitis
Severe unrelenting RUQ pain or epigastric pain. Pain may also be referred to right subscapular area. Positive Murphy sign, vomiting, fever, possible jaundice.
Cholecystitis
Abrupt RUQ pain , may be referred to shoulders, tenderness in RUQ rebound tenderness
Perforated ulcer
Epigastric pain radiating down the left side of abdomen after eating with flatulence, diarrhea,tenderness on palpation.
Diverticulitis
Episodic, often severe RUQ pain, asking 15 min to several hours. Pain may be refereed to right subscapular area. RUQ tenderness on palpation. Vomitting and jaundice may also be present.
Cholelitiasis (gall stone)
Intense left upper quadrant pain, radiating to left shoulder. May worsen with the foot of bed elevated, positive Kehr’s sign in left shoulder is often a classic sign for this.
Spleen rupture
pain may have sudden inset of gradual, generalized or localized, dull or severe. There may also be unrelenting muscel guarding and pain on deep inspiration . Shallow respiration will be seen in a patient with this. Positive blumberg(rebound) ,markle signs, balance signs, reduced bowel sounds, nausea vomiting, positive obturator and iliopsoas tests.
Peritonitis
Sharp severe pain over lower chest or upper abdomen.,
Hiatal hernia
Burning feeling after eating in the epigastric region, sometimes accompanied by hematemesis or tarry stools,sudden onset that generally subsides within 15-20 minutes.
Peptic ulcer
Indication of Abdominal pain/
Burning
Peptic ulcer or GERD
Indication of abdominal pain
Cramping
Gall bladder inflammation, gallstones, IBS, diarrhea, constipation, flatulence
Indication of abdominal pain
Severe cramping
Appendicitis,crohn’s Dx, diverticulosis
Indication of abdominal pain
Stabbing
Pancreatitis or cholecystitis
Indication of visible abdominal bumps, bulges, masses?
Cancerous tumors, splenomegaly, hepatomegaly, enlarged gall bladder, uterine fibroids and gastric distension.
Indication of changes in abdominal shape and contour?
Dissension of the abdomen can be caused by obesity, ascites, and bowel distension due to gas or liquids.
Indication of abdominal stretch marks?
Pregnancy ,obesity, ascites, Cushing syndrome
Indication of dilated veins in the abdomen
Portal hypertension or inferior vena cava obstruction
Indication if umbilical protrusion
Umbilical hernia
This heard when auscultation got over liver or spleen, could indicate a liver tumor or splenic infarction.
Friction rubs
Swishing sounds heard over major arteries in the abdomen. Could be caused by aortic aneurysm, or partial obstructions in blood vessels creating turbulent blood flow.
Abdominal bruins
Passage of blooody stools. Usually indicates GI bleeding, possibly from anal fissure, colitis, colorectal cancer, crohn’s Dx, or hemorrhoids.
Hematochezia
Vomiting blood
Hematemesis
Difficulty swallowing, can be due to cranial nerve damage(IX or X), esophageal stenosis or cancer in esophagus.
Dysphasia
Enlarged and dilated veins visible on abdomen, can be due to cirrhosis liver failure or inferior vena cava obstruction.
Venous distention /tortuous veins.
Spleen enlargement maybe by mononucleosis, trauma.
Splenomegaly
Liver enlargement
Hepatomegaly
Study list of pathologies of the digestive system. P185-188
- appedicitis 2.celiac Dx 3.cholecystitis 4.cholelithiasis 5.cholestasis 6.cirrhosis 7.colon cancer 8.colon polyps 9.crohn’s Dx 10.Cystic fibrosis 11.Diverticulosis 12.Diverticulitis 13.Esophageal carcinoma 14.Esophageal Varicies
- Gastric Carcinoma 16.Gastritis 17.Gastroenteritis 18.Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease 18.Hepatitis 19.Hiatal Hernia 20.Hemorrhoids 21.Irritable Bowel Syndrome 22.Lactose Intolerance 23.Liver Cancer 24.Pancreatice Cancer 25.Pancreatitis 26.Peptic Ulcer 27.Ulcerative Colitis.
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