Endocrine System Flashcards
Name Hypothalamus Hormone
Releasing and Inhibiting Hormones
:Regulate secretions of hormones by the anterior pituitary.
What gland Hormones are these?
TSH, ACTH,FSH, LH,PRL,GH,ADH(Antidiuretic), Oxytocin.
Pituitary Gland Hormones.
Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH)
- Produced in?
- function?
- Anterior Pituitary
2. Stimulates production of thyroid hormones.
Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (ACTH)
- Produced in?
- Function?
- Anterior Pituitary
2. Stimulates secretion of adrenal cortex hormones.
Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH)
- produced in?
- Hormone effects?
- Anterior Pituitary
2. Women: Estrogen and Egg Development/ Men:Sperm development
Luteinizing Hormone (LH)
- Produced in?
- Hormonal effects?
1.anterior Pituitary
2.women : Ovulation and progesterone
Men:testosterone
Prolactin
1.Produced in?
- Effects?
- Mammary Glands
2. stimulates mild production
GH
- produced in?
- Effects?
- Skeletal muscle , bones
2. Stimulates growth
Antidiuretic Hormone(ADH)
- production?
- effect?
- Produced by the Hypothalamus but stored and released by the posterior pituitary.
- Stimulate H2O absorption (decrease Urine Production)
Oxytocin
- Production?
- Effect?
- Produced but eh hyporhtalanmus but store and relapse but eh posterior Pituitary
- Stimulates contraction of labor and Milk ejection
Thyroid hormones
- T3 T4/
Produced?
Effects? - Calcitonin
- Follicles cells in the thyroid Gland
Metabolic rate, essential for normal growth and development
2.Parafollicular cells in Thyroid Gland/Lower’s Blood Calcium levels by depositing calcium in bones.
Parathyroid Hormone
1/produced?
2.effect?
- chief cells of the parathyroid Gland
2. raise blood calcium levels(removes calcium from bones and urine and place it in the blood)
Name 4 Adrenal Gland Hormones
Aldosterone (minerals corticosteroids)
Cortisol(glucocorticoid)
Sex hormones
Epinephrine and Norepinephrine
Adrenal Gland Hormone
Aldosterone(Mineralocorticoid)-adrenal cortex
Effect?
Causes reabsorption of sodium out of urine, into bloodstream
Adrenal Gland Hormone
Cortisol(glucocorticoid) - Adrenal Cortex
Effect?
Cope with stress, High Blood Glucose, Lower inflammation.
Adrenal
Sex hormones
Produced?
Effects?
Produced in adrenal cortex
Androgens and estrogens for opposite sex
Adrenal Gland hormones
Epinephrine
Norepinephrine
Produced?
Effect?
Produced in Adrenal Medulla
Stimulates “Fight or flight “mechanism
B.P high, Heart rate High reroute Blood.
Pancreatic Hormones and Its functions?
- Glucagon : Raise Blood Sugar
2. Insulin : Lower Blood glucose
Reproductive Hormones /functions?
- Androgen(Testosterone)
- Estrogens(estradiol)
- Progestins(Progesterone)
- 2ndary sex characteristics, promotes spermatogenesis sex drive, growth in adolescence.-produced in interstitial cells in testes.
- secondary sex characteristics , develop interior lining-Produced in Follicles in Ovary
- Develope untrained lining, promotes breast development.
Produced in Kidney., Stimulate calcium, and phosphate ion absorption in digestive tract, stimulate osteoclasts, stimulate calcium reabsorption in kidneys. What Hormone?
Calcitrol
Produced in Kidney, Increases red blood cell production.
Erythropoietin (EPO)
Produced in Kidney, triggers renin-angiotensin mechanism.
Renin
Produced in the heart, Increased H2O loss and sodium loss in the kidneys, decreased thirst, decreased ADH, decreased aldosterone(can help to lower Blood pressure and Blood volume)
Natriuretic peptides
Maturation of T lymphocytes, produced In thymus, Target cell or tissue is Lymphocytes.
THymosins
Control of appetite, sense of satiation, female reproduction.
Produced in Adipose tissue, Target cell or tissue, Hypothalamus.
Leptin
Decreased Insulin sensitivity, Produced by Intestines, Target cells or tissue is Digestive system organs.
Secretin, Gastrin, Cholecystokinin.
Assists in the growth and development of the fetus, preparation of breast tissue for lactation. Produced in the Placenta, Target tissue is Uterus and breast tissue.
Estrogen and Progesterone.
Loosens joint supporting structures, produced in placenta.
Relaxin
Pathology.
Hyper secretion of Growth Hormone in adult
Acromegaly
Hyper secretion of adrenal cortex hormones. It most commonly caused by an autoimmune disease or cancer. Symptoms include a bronze tone to the skin, decreased ability to cope with stress, fatigue and hypoglycemia. Glucocorticoid medications are given for treatment.
Addison’s Dx
Hypo secretion of Thyroid hormone in babies/children
Cretinism
Hyper secretion of the hormone cortisol
Cushing’ Syndrome
Hypo secretion of ADH, which causes excessive urine output. In response to this fluid loss, the person will become very thirsty and drink excessive amounts of fluids. Blood sugar levels and insulin in this individual are NOrmal. Treatment of this may involve the medication desmopressin.
Diabetes insipidus
Hypo secretion of insulin or as a result of defective insulin receptors.
Diabetes mellitus
Hyper secretion of GH in childhood. The patient will be extremely tall.
Gigantism
An enlargement o the thyroid gland, often due to a lack of iodine in the diet. Iodine is needed to make thyroid homes. Other causes include autoimmune dx and a this can be seen in hyperthyroidism and in some cases, hypothyroidism ,
Goiter
A type of hyperthyroidism this is an autoimmune Dx.
Exophthalmos, Protusion of the eyeballs from the eye socket, tx will be radioactive iodine, surgery or another oil medications.
Graves Dx.
An autoimmune Dx which damages the thyroid, causing it to decrease in function and performance. This is the most common cause of hypothyroidism in the United States.
Hashimoto’s Thyroiditis
Excess glucose in the blood.
Hyperglycemia
Low blood sugar
Hypoglycemia
Increased secretion of PTH in which massive bone destruction occurs
Hyperparathyroidism
Decreased secretion of PTH which allows blood calcium levels to fall too low.
Hypoparathyroidism
Hyposecretion of GH in childhood.
Pituitary Dwrfism
