Respiratory System

Question 1

What is the function of the respiratory system?

Answer 1

facilitate gas exchange between blood and the exterior

Question 2

State the parts of the Upper respiratory tract

Answer 2

• nose and nasal cavity
• pharynx
• larynx

Question 3

State the parts of the Lower respiratory tract

Answer 3

• trachea
• bronchi and bronchioles
• lungs
• alveoli

Question 4

What is? and what is the purpose of the Nose and nasal cavity?

Answer 4

• entry through mouth and nose
• tissue lining is covered in mucous membrane
• the air is warmed and humidified
• hairs and mucous collect debris from entering lungs

Question 5

What is? and what is the purpose of the pharynx?

Answer 5

• air travels through pharynx before diverted to larynx by epilglottis
• the throat between nasal cavity and trachea

Question 6

What is the purpose of the larynx?

Answer 6

• joins pharynx and trachea
• contains vocal chords
• voice box

Question 7

structure and purpose of the trachea?

Answer 7

• windpipe
• carries air in and out of lungs
• made up of c shaped cartilage rings to hold it open
• made up of epithelial tissue , produces mucus to trap dust and debris

Question 8

What is the structure of bronchi and bronchioles?

Answer 8

bronchi:
- c shaped cartilage
- split up into primary, secondary, tertiary and bronchioles
- contains cilia and mucus
bronchioles:
- split into terminal bronchioles
- contains cilia and mucus

Question 9

What is the structure of the lungs?

Answer 9

• lung divided into lobes ( left = 2, right = 3)
• surface covered in pleural membrane
• pleural fluid allows the lung to slide along the chest wall

Question 10

structure and purpose of the alveoli?

Answer 10

• smallest bronchioles open into clusters of tiny air sacs
• each alveolus contains a wall 1 cell thick
  -large surface area
• where gas exchange occurs

Question 11

What is the purpose of the epiglottis?

Answer 11

when swallowing solids or liquids the epiglottis covers the larynx to prevent stuff getting into the lungs.

Question 12

What is ventilation and what are the 2 steps?

Answer 12

• air moving in and out of the lungs
  steps:
  1. inhalation (into lungs)
  2. exhalation (out of lungs)

Question 13

Describe the air movement of ventilation

Answer 13

Air moves from places of higher pressure to lower pressure

Question 14

What do the diaphragm and intercostal muscles do during inhalation?

Answer 14

• contract = increase volume
• high –> low pressure
• larger volume in lungs = lower pressure
• therefore air flows into lungs

Question 15

What do the diaphragm and inetrcostal muscles do during exhalation?

Answer 15

• relax = decrease volume
• high –> low pressure
• smaller volume in lungs = higher pressure
• therefore air flows out of lungs

Question 16

What is the process of Gas exchange?

Answer 16

• diffusion of oxygen = high to low concentration
• high concentration of O2 in alveoli + low concentration of O2 in the pulmonary artery

= oxygen –> capillary

• low CO2 concentration in the alveoli + high concentration of CO2 in the pulmonary artery

= CO2 –>capillary