Cells

Question 1

Functions of Nucleus

Answer 1

• controls cell activity
• contains DNA
• determines proteins a cell makes

Question 2

Functions of Nucleolus

Answer 2

• contains rRNA
• makes proteins
• makes two units that form a ribosome

Question 3

Functions of Ribosome

Answer 3

• assemble amino acids to make proteins
• found rough ER or in cytosol

Question 4

Functions of Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum

Answer 4

• covered in ribosomes
• makes and processes proteins

Question 5

Functions of Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum

Answer 5

• makes and processes lipids and cholesterol

Question 6

Functions of Golgi Body

Answer 6

• modifies and packages proteins
• sends proteins to various location via vesicles

Question 7

Functions of Vesicles

Answer 7

• membrane bound sac
• transport materials
• recycle waste materials

Question 8

Functions of Lysosome

Answer 8

• specialised vesicle formed from the Golgi body
• contains digestive enzymes to break down large molecules
• breaks down damaged organelles
• protection by fusing with other lysosomes

Question 9

Functions of Mitochondria

Answer 9

• powerhouse of cell
• turns glucose into ATP
• required for aerobic respiration

Question 10

Functions of Cilia

Answer 10

• moving particles that increase the surface area

Question 11

Functions of Flagella

Answer 11

• helps move cells

Question 12

Functions of Cytoskeleton

Answer 12

• gives shape of the cell
• required for movement
• consists of:
  
  • microtubules
  • centrioles
  • microfilaments

Question 13

What are Inclusions?

Answer 13

• chemical substances that aren’t part of the cell structure
• e.g. haemoglobin and melanin

Question 14

Functions of Cell Membrane

Answer 14

• separates from other cells
• regulates passage of materials
• sensitive to changes
• supports the cell

Question 15

Structure of Cell Membrane

Answer 15

• phospholipid bilayer (hydrophilic phosphate head and hydrophobic lipid tail)
• cholesterol
• proteins (receptor, channel, carrier and cell-identity markers)

Question 16

What are the 2 different types of transport?

Answer 16

1. Active
2. Passive

Question 17

What is active transport? + examples

Answer 17

• requires ATP
• e.g. vesicular transport (endocytosis and exocytosis)

Question 18

What is passive transport? + examples

Answer 18

• does not require ATP
• e.g. simple diffusion, facilitated and osmosis

Question 19

What is simple diffusion?

Answer 19

• high concentration to low
• does not require ATP
• diffusion that does not require the help of membrane proteins

Question 20

What is facilitated diffusion?

Answer 20

• requires a transport protein
• high concentration to low

Question 21

Types of Transport Proteins

Answer 21

1. channel protein
2. carrier protein (more specific)

Question 22

What are the two types of Vesicular transport? how do they work?

Answer 22

1. Endocytosis (into the cell)
2. Exocytosis (out of the cell)

Question 23

What is the difference between pinocytosis and phagocytosis?

Answer 23

• pinocytosis is when cells take in liquid
• phagocytosis is when cells take in solids that will eventually digest

Question 24

What is surface area to volume ratio?

Answer 24

How much surface area there is compared to the size of the cell

Question 25

What is osmosis?

Answer 25

• high water content to low water content

Question 26

What are the 4 main tissue types?

Answer 26

1. epithelial
2. muscular
3. connective
4. nervous