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Human Bio ATAR 11 > Metabolism > Flashcards

Metabolism Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is metabolism?

A

the sum of all chemical reactions occurring within the cells of the body

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2
Q

What are the two types of metabolism? what do they do?

A
  1. Catabolic
    • large molecules to small
    • releases energy
  2. anabolic
    • small molecules to large
    • requires energy
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3
Q

What are nutrients?

A
  • any substances required for metabolism
  • e.g. water, carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, minerals, vitamins
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4
Q

what are enzymes?

A

biological catalysts that speed up chemical reactions/processes in the body

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5
Q

What is the part of the molecule that combines with the substrate?

A

Active Site

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6
Q

enzyme + substrate =

A

enzyme substrate complex

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7
Q

What are the 7 factors that effect enzyme activity?

A
  • enzyme concentration
  • substrate concentration
  • product removal
  • temperature
  • ph levels
  • co factors or co enzymes
  • enzyme inhibitors
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8
Q

What are organic compounds? + examples

A

large molecules that contain a carbon chain.
- e.g. carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, nucleic acids and vitamins

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9
Q

What are carbohydrates?

A

contain carbon, hydrogen and oxygen

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10
Q

What are the types of Carbohydrates? + examples

A
  1. monosaccharides
    • simple sugars (e.g. glucose)
  2. disaccharides
    • two simple sugars (e.g maltose)
  3. polysaccharides
    • many simple sugars (e.g. glycogen)
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11
Q

What are lipids?

A
  • Are fatty organic compounds that help perform a variety of functions in the body
  • glycerol molecule + 1, 2 or 3 fatty acid molecules
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12
Q

What is the most common lipid in our body?

A

-tryglyceride
- glycerol + 3 fatty acids

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13
Q

What are proteins?

A

organic compound made up of many amino acids

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14
Q

What are the types of proteins?

A
  1. peptide bond
    • amino acids bonded
    • release water molecule
  2. dipeptide
    • 2 amino acids bonded
  3. polypeptide
    • more than 10 amino acids bonded
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15
Q

What does ATP stand for?

A

Adenosine triphosphate

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16
Q

What does ADP stand for?

A

Adenosine diphosphate

17
Q

What are inorganic compounds? + examples

A

do not contain a carbon chain (e.g. water, minerals, vitamins)

18
Q

Why is water important?

A
  • other substances dissolve in it
  • water molecules take part in some chemical reactions
19
Q

Why are minerals important?

A
  • part of enzymes
  • part of substances like ATP involves in metabolism
20
Q

Why are vitamins important?

A
  • act as a coenzyme for many chemical reactions in metabolism
21
Q

What is cellular respiration?

A

process where organic molecules break down in the cells to release energy

22
Q

Cellular respiration equation:

A

glucose + oxygen –> carbon dioxide + water + ATP

23
Q

What is glycolysis?

A

break down of glucose into 2 pyruvates

24
Q

What are the steps of cellular respiration? (brief)

A
  1. glycolysis
  2. if no oxygen available –> anaerobic respiration
  3. if there is oxygen available –>aerobic respiration
25
Q

What is anaerobic respiration?

A

pyruvic acid becomes lactic acid
- then taken to liver to combine with oxygen and form glucose again

26
Q

What are the steps of aerobic respiration?

A
  1. pyruvate turns into acetyl coenzyme A
  2. The acetyl CoA then enters the Krebs Cycle, producing 2 ATP
  3. Electron transport system - oxidative phosphorylation, electrons are passed here resulting in oxygen molecules producing water.
    –> number of ATP produced is 38
27
Q

what is oxygen debt? and how is it repaid?

A
  • the lack of oxygen through exercise, more oxygen is needed than being produced.
  • Oxygen repaid through heavy breathing , hyperventilating
28
Q

Where does aerobic respiration occur?

A

Mitochondria

29
Q

Where does glycolysis and anaerobic respiration occur?

A

Cytosol

Human Bio ATAR 11 (18 decks)

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