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Integrative > Respiratory review > Flashcards

Respiratory review Flashcards

1
Q

Age of developent of all four sinuses

A

Maxillary and Ethmoid: at birth
Sphenoid: within first two years
Frontal: around 6-8 years

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2
Q

Automatic signals that increase respiration

A

stretch/irritant receptors (dec)
Muscle/joint receptors
Increased CO2/H+ to carotid/aortic or central chemoreceptors
Decreased O2 to carotid/aortic chemoreceptors

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3
Q

How does exercise change breathing?

A

increases minute ventilation by increasing both tidal volume and respiratory rates

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4
Q

Change in lung volumes in COPD

A 
TLC: inc
FRC: inc
RV: greatly increased
FVC: dec
FEV1: dec
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5
Q

Change in compliance and elastric recoil in obstructive lung disease

A

Compliance: inc (floppy lung)
Elastic: dec (lose elastic fibers)

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6
Q

Change in compliance and elastic recoil in restrictive disease

A

Compliance: dec (can’t inhale)

Elastic recoil: increased (stiff lungs exhale quickly)

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7
Q

Physiologic factor that stimulate binding to hemoglobin?

A

cold, high ph, low pCO2

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8
Q

In what population do you see high 2,3 BPG levels (and there fore greater oxygen binding)

A

people living at high altitudes

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9
Q

What do bronchial breath sounds tell us

A

fluid or solid in airspace

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10
Q

What does eegophany tell us?

A

solid: tumor, atelectasis, consolidation pneumonia

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11
Q

Inspiratory wheeze in toddlers

A

Croup (laryngotracheitis)

Caused by parainfluenza virus

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12
Q

Acute onset of fever or pain
Middle ear effusion
Inflammation

A

OM

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13
Q

Newborn
heart sounds on right
unilateral lung sounds
Cyanosis after eating

A

Diaphragmatic hernia

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14
Q

Upper airway obstrucion and noisy breathing

Cyanosis with feeds which improves with crying

A

Choanal atresia

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15
Q 
tachypnea
retractions
cyanosis 
in premie newborn
Pneumothorax and air leaks
A

Neonatal respiratory stress syndrome

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16
Q

Causes of recurrent sinopulmonary infections

A 
CF
Kartagener's 
SCID (T and Bs)
CVID
X-inked agammaglobulinemia
17
Q

Three bugs that most commonly cause CF infections

A

Staph aureus
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Burkholderia cepacia

18
Q

Kartagener’s syndrome

A

primary ciliary dyskinesia

situs inversis

19
Q

Dyspnea on exertion progressing to rest
chronic cough
prolonged expiratory phase

A

COPD

20
Q

Hyponatremia
Fatigueable limb weakness (Lambert Eaton)
Facial edema, dyspnea, distended neck veins (SVC syndrome)

A

Small cell lung carcinoma

21
Q

Hypercalcemia

Horner syndrome and shoulder pain (Pancoast syndrome)

A

Pancoast syndrome

22
Q

Causes of transudative pleural effusion

A 
heart failue
constrictive pericarditis
hypoalbuminemia
nephrotic syndrome
cirrhosis
malnutrition
23
Q

Causes of exudative pleural effusion

A 
infection
neoplasm
collagen vascular disease
pulmonary infarction
hemothorax
24
Q

Erythematous nodular rash on shins
bilateral hilar adenopathy
arthritis in ankle

A

Sarcoidosis

25
Q

Difference in cause between hypoxemic respiratory failure and hypoxemic + hypercarbic respiratory fialure

A

Hypoxemic: VQ mismatch or diffusion defect

Hypercarbic + hypoxemic: neuromuscular

26
Q

Causes of acute respiratory acidosis

A

CNS depression:

sedatives, ischemia, trauma, infection, brain tumor

27
Q

Causes of chronic respiratory acidosis

A

Neuromuscular: myasthenia gravis, MS, ALS

Respiratory :COPD, interstitial lung disease, pulmonary edema

28
Q

Causes of acute respiratory Alkalosis

A

Anxiety, pain
stroke
Drugs (salicyclates, progesterone, cathecholamines)

29
Q

Causes of chronic respiratory alkalosis

A

hyperthyroidism
hypoxia
pregnancy
cirrhosis

30
Q

Most common cause of ARDS

A

sepsis

31
Q

Bilateral pulmonary infiltrates without left atrial hypertension

A

ARDS

32
Q 
Multiple household members with:
headache/lightheadedness
N/V
chest pain
cherry red appearance to skin
A

Carbon monoxide poisionig

33
Q

Causes of Bronchiolitis obliterans organizing penumonia

A

post-infectious
drugs (bleomycin, amiodarone, methotrexate)
Connective tissue disorder

Integrative (15 decks)

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