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Integrative > Endocrine Review > Flashcards

Endocrine Review Flashcards

1
Q 
Type 1 diabetic
hyperglycemic
metabolic acidosis
leukocytosis
hyperkalemia
abdominal pain
A

Diabetic ketoacidosis

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2
Q

Reasons to have high insulin but low glucose

A

Insulin overdose

Insulinoma

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3
Q

Diabetes drugs that cause hypoglycemia

A

SFUs (glyburide)
amylin analogues
insulin

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4
Q

Dibabetes drug that causes lactic acidosis

A

Metformin

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5
Q

Diabetes drug that causes CHF/fluid retention

A

Thiazolindinediones (pioglitazone)

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6
Q

Diabetes drug that causes pancreatitis

A

GLP-1 analogues (exenatide)

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7
Q

Mechanism of action of SFUs

A

Causes depolarizations of beta cells that triggers extra insulin release (only works in Type 2)

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8
Q

Mechanism of action of metformin

A

unknown -> dec gluconeogen, inc glycolysis, inc peripheral glucose uptake

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9
Q

MOA of alpha-galactosidase inhibitors

A

inhibit brush border glucose absorption enzymes

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10
Q

MOA of TZDs

A

increase insulin sensitivity in peripheral tissues by binding to PPAR-gam nuclear transcription regulator

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11
Q

AE of alpha galactosidase inhibitors

A

horrible flatulence

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12
Q

Two causes of high plasma sodium

A

dehydration and diabetes insipidus

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13
Q

myxedema coma

A

profound hypothyroidism causing altered mental status

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14
Q

Drug that classically causes diabetes insipidus

A

Lithium

Also: demeclocycline

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15
Q

Delayed DTR relaxation phase

A

hypothyroidism

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16
Q

Mech of graves

A

antibodies to TSH receptor

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17
Q

recently gave birth
low TSH
high T4
low thyroid uptake

A

Postpartum thyroiditis

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18
Q

TSH and T4 levels are increased

A

pituitary tumor or exogenous TSH production

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19
Q

Exopthalmos
thyroid bruit
diffuse uptake on thyroid scan

A

Grave’s disease

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20
Q

Tender thyroid

post URI

A

Thyroiditis

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21
Q

hyperthyroid
low uptake on scan
no URI

A

surreptitious levothyroxine use

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22
Q

AE of PTU

A

agranulocytosis
aplastic anemia
hepatotoxicity

23
Q

After illness

Low TSH, T3 and T4

A

Euthyroid sick syndrome

24
Q

calcitonin producing thyroid nodule

A

Medullary carcinoma

25
Q

Diseases associated with medullary thyroid carcinoma

A

MEN 2A and MEN2B

26
Q

carpopedal spasm
tetany
fingertip parasthesias
Chvostek’s sign (tapping on jaw)

A

Hypocalcemia

27
Q

Type of lung cancer that produces PTrH

A

sqamous cell lung carcinoma

28
Q

Cancers that can cause hypercalcemia

A

Multiple myeloma
prostate
squamous cell lung

29
Q

hypotension
hyperkalemia
acidosis
skin and mucosal hyperpigmentation

A

Addison’s disease

30
Q 
increased mineralcorticoids
decreased cortisol
dec sex hormones
hypertension
hypokalemia
lack of secondary sexual characteristics
A

17 alpha hydroxylase deficiency

31
Q

increased sex hormones
decreased mineralcorticoids and cortisol
salt wasting and pernicious puberty

A

21-hydroxylase deficiency

32
Q 
decreased aldosterone
increased 11-deoxycorticosterone
increased sex hormones
hypertension
virulization
A

11 beta hydroxylase

33
Q 
incrased thirst
normal Na
low K
high bicarb
normal creatinine
A

overproduction of aldosterone

34
Q

lung nodule
low Na
high urine osmolarity

A

SIADH

35
Q

Consequence of correcting Na levels too quickly

A

central pontine myelinolysis

36
Q 
amenorrhea/oligomenorrhea
hirsutism
ance
infertility
associated with obesity
A

Polycystic ovarian syndrome

37
Q

amenorrhea
galactorrhea
headaches
High prolactin levels

A

prolactinoma

38
Q

prominent forehead
heavy brow ridge
thick tongue
large thick hands and feet

A

Acromegaly

39
Q

Best marker for acromegaly

A

Insulin-like growth factor-1

40
Q

MEN type 1

A

pit- pituitary tumors
para- parathyroid tumors
panc- pancreatic endocrine tumors

41
Q

prolactinoma
kidney stones
stomach ulcers

A

MEN type 1

42
Q

pregnant woman
vaginal bleeding
abdominal pain

A

placental abruption: premature seperation of placenta from uterine wall

43
Q

painless vaginal bleeding at ~30 weeks gestation

A

Placenta Previa: placenta overlies cervical os

44
Q

Severe painless postpartum hemorrhage

previous C section of placenta previa

A

Placenta accreta: attaches to myometrium without penetrating it

45
Q

Painful massive postpartum hemmorrage

A

uterine rupture

46
Q

Long labor

soft uterus

A

uterine atony

47
Q

no lactation
DI after delivery
shock

A

Sheehan’s syndrome

48
Q

Post menopausal vaginal bleeding

A

Endometrial cancer until proven otherwise

49
Q

Abdominal pain
LMP 6-8 weeks ago
positive UPT
adnexal mass

A

ectopic pregnancy

50
Q

Severe HTN after 20 weeks gestation

Proteinuria or end organ injury

A

preeclampsia

51
Q

Preeclampsia
Low platelets
elevated LFTs
hemolysis

A

HELLP syndrome

52
Q

Post partum complications:

A

depression
cardiomyopathy
PE
amniotic fluid embolism

53
Q

Cloudy amniotic fluid

septic newborn

A

Group B Strep

Integrative (15 decks)

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