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Integrative > GI Review > Flashcards

GI Review Flashcards

1
Q

Drugs that can cause leg swelling

A

Ca Channel blockers

Also: NSAIDS and steroids

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2
Q

Two main causes of acute pancreatitis

A

alcohol or gallstones

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3
Q

pancreatic calcifications on abdominal imaging

A

chronic pancreatitis

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4
Q

Less common causes of acute pancreatitis

A

idiopathic
Metabolic (hypertriglyceridemia, hypercalcemia)
Meds: (GLP-analogues, valproic acid, HCTZ)

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5
Q

fever
RUQ pain
Palpable gallbladder

A

cholangitis- stone in common bile duct

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6
Q

What hormone causes gallbladder contraction?

A

CCK

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7
Q

Tumor marker for pancreatic cancer

A

CA 19-9

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8
Q

Tumor maker in carcinoid tumor

A

5-HIAA (in urine)

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9
Q

Boerhaave syndrome

A

esophageal rupture from vomiting.

Leads to mediastinitis and respiratory failrue

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10
Q

Palmar erythema is a sign of

A

high estrogen levels-> cirrhosis and pregnancy

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11
Q

Zollinger Ellison Syndrome

A

gastrinoma

Causes jejunal ulcers and chronic diarrhea

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12
Q

severe pain out of proportion to exam

in older person with CAD

A

Mesenteric ischemia

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13
Q

Older person, debilitated
abdominal distension
massive colon on x-ray

A

volvulus

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14
Q

Older person
left lower quadrant pain
fever

A

diverticulitis

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15
Q

1-2 year old

intermittent jelly like stools

A

Intussusception

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16
Q

Most common cause of Traveller’s diarrhea

A

E. coli

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17
Q

Diarrhea
no fever
5 hours after exposure

A

S. aureus

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18
Q

shellfish
water still
after travel
low K

A

vibrio cholera

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19
Q

HIV chronic diarrhea

A

cryptosporidium

Also: giardia, Isospora, Cyclospora, CMV

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20
Q

Chronic steatorreha

duodenal biopsy with villous atrophy

A

Celiac’s

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21
Q

Outdoor exposure
diarrhea
high eosinophils

A

Strongdyloides

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22
Q

Diarrhea after antiboitic exposure

A

Colstridium difficule

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23
Q

High indirect bilirubin after stress

No other symptoms

A

Gilbert’s

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24
Q 
5 week old
clay stools
jaundice
HSM
increase in direct bilirubin
A

obstruction of the biliary system

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25
Q

Mild jaundice
elevated LDH
high reticulocyte count
peripheral smear findings

A

hemolytic anemia

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26
Q

40ish woman
itching
liver disease
high alk phos

A

primary biliary cirrhosis (Anti-mitochondrial)

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27
Q

Liver disease
Altered mental status
young person

A

Wilson’s disease

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28
Q

Lab finding in Wilson’s disease

A

Low ceruloplasm

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29
Q

Diabetes
CHF
liver disease
skin or testicular findings

A

Hemochromatosis

30
Q

Test for hemochromatosis

A

HFE genotype

31
Q

40ish woman
jaundice
very high transaminases

A

Autoimmune hepatitis

Anti-smooth muscle antibodies

32
Q

HBsAg negative
anti-HBc negative
anti-HBs positive

A

Immune due to hepatitis B vaccination

33
Q

HBsAg positive
anti-HBc positive
IgM anti-HBc positive
anti-HBs negative

A

Acutely infected

34
Q

HBsAg positive
anti-HBc positive
IgM anti-HBc negative
anti-HBs negative

A

Chronically infected

35
Q

HBsAg negative
anti-HBc positive
anti-HBs negative
IgG positive

A

Resolved infection (most common)

36
Q

AST/ALT ratio >2

A

alcoholic hepatitis

37
Q

mechanism of Gilbert’s

A

deficiency of glucuronyl transferase

38
Q

Treatment of biliary atresia

A

liver transplant

39
Q

Vitamin deficiency in breast milk fed baby

A

Vitamin D

40
Q

Transmural inflammation
skip lesions
fitulas
noncaseating granulomas

A

Crohn’s

41
Q

Bloody diarrhea
toxic megacolon
continuous lesion
surface inflammation

A

Ulcerative colitis

42
Q

Crohn’s
macrocytic anemia
neuro sx

A

B12 deficiency

43
Q

Extraintestinal manifestations of IBD

A 
sclerosing cholangitis
uveitis
arthritis
colon cancer risk
erythema nodosum
pyoderma gangrenosum
44
Q

dysphagia to both liquids and solids

A

achalasia

45
Q

mechanism of achalasia

A

decreased ability of the lower esophageal sphincter to relax

46
Q

Vessels that are abnormally connected in esophageal varices

A

left gastric vein and azygos vein

47
Q

vessel that bleeds into the duodenum

A

gastroduodenal artery

48
Q

100s of polyps at a young age

high malignant potential

A

Familial adenomatous polyposis

49
Q

Associated with osteomas, dental, lipomas/skin, ampullary cancers, retinal pigment hypertrophy
in small intestine

A

Gardner’s syndrome

50
Q

Proximal LI

associated with endometral/ovarian tumors

A

Nonpolyposis syndrome (Lynch)

51
Q 
SI
LI
stomach polyps
mucocutaneous pigmentation
ovary/breast/uterus/pancreas cancers
A

Peutz-Jeghers syndrome

52
Q

LI, SI, stomach
rare malignant potential
hamartomas
congenital abnormalaties

A

juvenile polyposis

53
Q

Use and mechanism of N-acetylcysteine

A

for acetaminophen OD

restores glutathioine availability by binding to NAPQI metbaolite

54
Q

Onset of ascites while on OCP

A

Budd-chiari- hepatic vein obstruction

55
Q

GI AE of methotrexate

A

hepatic fibrosis

56
Q

AE of metaclopramide (used for nausea or gastroparesis)

A

tardive dyskinesia

57
Q

Drugs that can induce autoimmune hepatitis

A

Nitrofurantoin

minocycline

58
Q

neonate
abdominal distention
narrow rectosigmoid with dilitation above

A

Hirshprung’s

59
Q

Mechanism of Hirshprungs

A

failure of migration of neural crest cells

60
Q

Down syndrome
abdominal distention/vomiting on day 1
double bubble on x-ray

A

Duodenal atresia

61
Q

<10 y/o
painless lower GI bleeding
no diarhea

A

Meckel’s diverticulum

62
Q 
Neonate
jaundice
hepatomegaly
E coli sepsis
low glucose
urine has reducing substances
A

galactosemia- from deficiency of galactose-1-phosphate uridyl transferase

63
Q

Newborn
coughing/chocking in feeds
aspiration pneumonia

A

tracheo-esophageal fistula

64
Q

5-6 week old infant
forceful postprandial vomiting
alkalosis
low CL

A

pyloric stenosis

65
Q

Diarrhea
mental status change
rash

A

Vitamin B3 (niacin)
“pellagra”
(3Ds- diarrhea, dementia, dermatitis)

66
Q

Night blindness

A

Vitamin A deficiency

67
Q

Peripheral neuropathy

A

deficiency of

Vit B1, B6, B12

68
Q

Macrocytic anemia

A

Folate or B12 deficiency

69
Q

Swollen gums
poor wound healing
brusing

A

Vitamin C deficiency

70
Q

Neonatal hemorrhage

home birth

A

Vitamin K deficiency

71
Q

Rickets

breast fed baby

A

Vitamin D deficiency

Integrative (15 decks)

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