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Integrative > Renal Review > Flashcards

Renal Review Flashcards

1
Q

How does ADH change with dehydration?

A

levels increase

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2
Q

Vomiting
diarrhea
low fractional Na
Low Urine sodium

A

Prerenal Azotemia

activation of RAAS pathway

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3
Q

Muscle breakdown
Positive blood reading on dipstick
no RBCs on UA

A

Rhabdomyolysis causing myoglobinuria

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4
Q

Hypotension
muddy brown casts
epithelial cells
elevated urine sodium

A

Acute tubular necrosis

Can happen after some meds

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5
Q

Post cardiac cath
livedo reticularis
eosinophils on UA

A

Atheroembolic disease

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6
Q

PCN or NSAID use
urine or serum eosinophils
WBC casts

A

Allergic Interstitial Nephritis

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7
Q

Hemoptysis
recurrent sinus infections
chronic nephritis

A

GPA

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8
Q

What antibody is elevated in GPA?

A

Anti-proteinase 3 (c-ANCA)

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9
Q

What antibody is elevated in Goodpastures?

A

Anti-glomerular basement membrane -> type II hypersensitivity rxn

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10
Q

What antibody is elevated in Churg Strauss?

A

Anti-myeloperoxidase

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11
Q

What is the mechanism of Henoch-Shconlein purpora?

A

IgA immune complexes in small vessels

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12
Q 
post pharyngitis
AKI
RBC casts
low C3
normal C4
A

post infectious glomerular nephritis

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13
Q

Pulmonary sx
AKI
RBC casts
normal C3 and C4

A

Goodpastures

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14
Q

Pulmonary sx
sinus sx/nasal polyps
AKI
RBC casts

A

PGA

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15
Q 
preteen
arthralgia
generalized abdominal pain
bruise-like rash over legs (palpable)
recent URI
RBCs on UA
A

Henoch-Shonlein purpura

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16
Q

Recurrent blood in urine after URI?

A

IgA Nephropathy

Usually presents in 20-30s

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17
Q

Boy
hearing loss
ocular findings
hematuria

A

Alports

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18
Q

Mechanism of Alports

A

mutation of type IV collagen

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19
Q

Older patient
smoker
hematuria

A

bladder cancer until proven otherwise

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20
Q 
Hematuria
flank pain
high hematocrit/Ca
left sided varicocele
fever
A

renal cell carcinoma

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21
Q

Flank pain
can’t sit still
hematuria

A

Nephrolithiasis

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22
Q

Nephrotic syndrome

young person

A

Minimal change disease

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23
Q

Mechanism of minimal change disease

A

fusion of foot processes

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24
Q

Nephrotic syndrome

solid tumor or Hep B

A

Membranous nephropathy

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25
Q

Nephrotic syndrome
nephritis
Hep C

A

Membranoproliferative GN

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26
Q

Nephrotic syndrome

HIV untreated

A

Focal collapsing segmental glomerulosclerosis

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27
Q

Nephrotic syndrome
flank pain
hematuria

A

renal vein thrombosis

28
Q

Mutataion in Wilms tumor

A

deletion of 11p

29
Q

Complication of molar pregnancy?

A

choriocarcinoma

30
Q

pregnancy complication
uterus big for date
crazy high B-HCG levels

A

molar pregnancy

31
Q

Abdominal mass in sick child

A

Neuroblastoma

32
Q

Mechanism of trastuzimab

A

antibody against her 2 neu receptor

33
Q

Mechanism of tamoxifen

A

blocks estrogen receptor

34
Q

nontender mobile breast mass

A

fibroadenoma

35
Q

swollen testicle

high alpha-fetoprotein and B-HCG

A

Nonseminoma

36
Q

swollen testicle
low alpha fetoprotein
high B-HCG

A

seminoma

37
Q

Tumor marker of ovarian cancer

A

CA-125

38
Q

frequent need to go

incomplete voiding

A

Urge incontinence

39
Q

Loss of continence with cough/sneeze

A

stress incontinence

40
Q

continuious leakage, neuro dysfunction

A

Overflow incontinence

41
Q

Incontinence in older person with dementia/debilitated

A

functional incontinence

42
Q

Mechanism of urge incontinence

A

detrusor muscle hyperreactivity

43
Q

mid life woman
sexually active
no cervical tenderness
erythematous vaginal mucosa with white discharge

A

candida vaginitis

44
Q

genital ulcer

painless, indurated, clean based

A

Syphilis

45
Q

causative organism of syphilis

A

treponema pallidum

46
Q

genital ulcer
Deep undermined, purulent
tender adenopathy

A

chancroid

47
Q

causative organism of chancroid

A

H. ducreyi

48
Q

multiple shallow genital ulcers

A

genital herpes

49
Q

causative agent of genital herpes

A

HSV2

50
Q

proctitis followed by tender draining inguinal LN and anorectal ulcers

A

Lymphogranuloma venereum

51
Q

Causative agent of lymphogranuloma venereum

A

C. trachomatis

52
Q

Symptoms of primary syphilis

A

Painless ulcer

53
Q

Symptoms of secondary syphilis

A

Rash (esp on palms and soles)
fever
LAN

54
Q

Symptoms of tertiary syphilis

A

Tabes dorsalis
Argyll Robertson pupil
aortitis
gummas

55
Q

Fever and hypotension after treatment of syphilis with penecillin

A

Jarisch-Herxheimer reacion

56
Q

Clue cell (studding along epithelial edge)

A

bacterial vaginosis

57
Q

alcoholic with oxalate crystals in blood

A

Ethylene glycol poisioning

58
Q

staghorn calculus

A

Proteus infection

59
Q

multiple kidney cysts

A

ADPKD or ARPKD

60
Q

AKI after treatment for:
lymphoma
ALL

A

Tumor lysis syndrome

61
Q

Drugs that cause ATN

A

aminoglycosides

vancomycin

62
Q

Drugs that cause AIN

A

penicillins

NSAIDS

63
Q

Drugs that cause hemmorhagic cystitis

A

cyclophosphamide

64
Q

Acute urinary obstruction in patient that has been taking OTCs for URI

A

blockade of histamine causes contraction of urinary sphincters

65
Q

Two treatments for BPH and their actions

A

Finaseride: 5-apha reductase inhibitor
Tamulosin: alpha blocker

Integrative (15 decks)

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