Behavioral Science Review

Question 1

Formula for attributable risk

Answer 1

amount of disease incidence due to exposure

= Risk in exposed - risk in non exposed

Question 2

Proportion attributable risk:

Answer 2

proportion of disease incidence in exposed attributable to their exposure

Question 3

Formula for proportion attributable riskattributable risk

Answer 3

attributable risk/ exposed risk

This percent of cancer is attributable to tanning bed use

Question 4

Difference between prevalence and incidence

Answer 4

prevalence: total cases in a population at a point in time
Incidence: new cases over a time period

Question 5

Define case control study

Answer 5

patients with a specific treatment compared to matched group not given treatment

Question 6

Define cohort studies

Answer 6

All patients of a certain population who were given treatment are compared to those in the same population that weren’t given treatment

Question 7

Define correlation:

Answer 7

Strength of linear relationship between variables. Vary between -1 to 1

Question 8

Formula for relative risk

Answer 8

=(experimental risk)/(control risk)

Question 9

Formula for relative risk reduction

Answer 9

=(CR-ER)/CR

Question 10

Formula for absolute risk reduction

Answer 10

= CR-ER

Question 11

Formula for number needed to treat

Answer 11

=1/AR = 1/(CR-ER)

Question 12

Confounding bias

Answer 12

measured factor is associated with another factor which is a known cause of the outcome

Question 13

Recall bias

Answer 13

cases/controls remember exposure differently

Question 14

Type I random error

Answer 14

falsely claiming a different exists

Question 15

Type II random error

Answer 15

falsely claiming no difference exists

Question 16

Phase I clinical trial

Answer 16

small study in a healthy population

Question 17

Phase II clinical trial

Answer 17

small study in diseased population (all get drug, to test for side effects and efficacy)

Question 18

Phase III

Answer 18

large randomized control trial. Compare to standard therapy

Question 19

Phase IV

Answer 19

post marketing surveillance for long term side effects

Question 20

What diseases require contact precautions?

Answer 20

diarrhea, generalized skin breakdown, pressure ulcers

Question 21

What diseases require respiratory droplet precaution (facemask)?

Answer 21

Flu, RSV, pertussis, N. meningitidis

Question 22

What diseases require airborne precautions?

Answer 22

TB, chickenpox, measles, disseminated zoster

Question 23

Sentinel event

Answer 23

unexpected serious injury or death

Question 24

Medical error

Answer 24

failure of a PLANNED action or a wrong plan

Question 25

Who qualifies for medicaid

Answer 25

children
pregnant women
parents
adults >65
diability
Expansion: 138% of poverty line

Question 26

Who qualifies for medicare?

Answer 26

adults >65
ESRD
disability

Question 27

Exceptions to informed consent

Answer 27

Emergencies
Patient lacks decision making capacity: inconsistent with previous decisions, clouded by mood disorder, delusions, or hallucinations, choices vary considerably over time

Question 28

Terminal sedation

Answer 28

treatment to relieve pain and suffering. Acceptable even if it shorten’s patient’s life