Neuro Review Flashcards
Treatment for migranes
Sumatriptan
Treatment for cluster headaches
O2 supplementation
Bacteria associated with Gullain Barre
Campy
Mechanism for Myasthenia gravis
antibodies against acetylcholine receptor
young woman optic neuritis
Multiple sclerosis
Mechanism for multiple sclerosis
T cell mediated injury to myelin
Polymyositis
immune mediated inflammaion of muslce (attacks vessels in endomysium)
Muscle fasiculations
ALS
Nerve responsible for foot drop
Peroneal nerve
lightning intense facial pain
trigeminal neuralgia
Concern of herpes zoster on someone’s nose
will also effect their cilliary bodies -> can cause blindness
Rapidy progressive dementia with myoclonic jerks
CJD
younger male
generalized chorea
depression
Huntington’s
Wide based gait
Urinary incontinence
Demenia
Normal pressure hydrocephalus
wet, wobbly, wacky
Drug that can cause parkinson’s
metoclopramide
neuroleptics
lithium
Ca channel blocker
Teen
involuntary movements
worse after sleep deprivation
Juvenile myoclonic seizures
Men
Unilateral headaches behind right eye
lacrimal leakage
Cluster headache
Unilateral headache throbbing aura N/V photophobia
migranes
Bilateral headache
band like
worse as day goes on
Tension headache
Overweight young woman
bilateral papilledema
Idiopathic intracranial HTN (pseudotumor cerebri)
Tx for idiopathic intracranial HTN
Lumbar puncture
Acetozolamide
Chronic daily headaches
Daily analgesic use
Rebound headaches
from medication overuse
Unilateral face, arm, weakness
Sensory loss
Eyes deviated to opposite dise
Contralateral MCA
Defect in LMCA block
aphasia (because most people are left brain dominant)
Defect in RMCA block
visual or spatial function
No stereogenesis
Contralateral foot and leg weakness behavioral change confusion impairment of gait and stance akinetic mutism urinary incontinence
ACA lesion
Vomiting vertigo ataxia dyarthria CN palsies diploplia hemiparesis
Posterior circulation lesion
Unilateral facial paralysis
Cannot raise eyebrow, shut eye, or smile with one side of face
Bell’s palsy
location of lesion to CN 3 and 4
Midbrain
location of lesion to CN 5, 6, 7, 8
Pons
location of lesion to CN , 10, 11, 12
Medulla
Headache
One pupil not reactive to light
Post. communicating artery aneurysm
Rapid onset of symptoms after lucid interval
temporal skull fracture
Epidural hematoma of middle meningeal artery
Slow onset headache
Elderly with falls, alcoholics
Subdural hematoma
PCKD
headache
blood in CSF
subarachnoid hemorrage
History of diarrheal illness
peripheral weakness
respiratory acidosis
Guillain-Barre syndrome
Proximal weakness
improves with activity
Associated with lung cancer
Lambert Eaton
Mechanism of Lambert Eaton
Antibodies against voltage-gated P/Q calcium channel
Left humerus fracture effects which nerve?
Radial
pain in legs while walking
better with walking uphill or leaning forward
Spinal stenosis
bilateral nystagmus
inability to move eyes to the left bilaterally
ataxia
Vitamin B1 (thiamine) deficiency
Area of the brain affected in Koraskoff’s psychosis?
mammillary bodies
Huntington’s effect on brain
gliosis of caudate nucleus
Chromosome effected by Huntington’s
Trinucleotide repeat on chromosome 4
Mechanism of Huntington’s
Dec levels of GABA (causes anxiety) and Ach (causes chorea) in the brain. Neuronal death -> caudate nuclei atrohpy
Causes of encephalitis
viruses: enteroviruses, West Nile, and herpes
Listeria in babies and elderly
HIV low CD4
Visual sx
gait ataxia
non-enhancing white matter lesions
Progressive multifocal leukoencephalitis (from JC virus)
HIV, low CD4
Headache
multiple ring enhancing lesions
Toxoplasmosis
Encephalitis fever muscle weakness flaccid paralysis Parkinsonian (tremors)
West Nile
Cranial nerve palsy posterior column signs general paresis dementia pupil accommodates, but doesn't react
neurosyphilis
AE of Valproic acid
Acute hepatic failure
pancreatitis
teratogen
AE of Felbamate (used for intractable seizures)
Aplastic anemia
hepatic failure
AE of phenytoin
Ataxia
hepatic dysfunction
gingival hyperplasia
AE of Carbamazepine
hyponatremia, hepatic dysfunction
Which antiepileptics can cause SJS?
Ethosuxamide
phenytoin
lamotrigine
carbamazepine
AE of topiramate
Kidney stones
weight loss
glaucoma
metabolic acidosis
AE of levetiracetam
Irritability
Depression
Diplopia dysphonia dysarthria dysphagia descending flaccid paralysis History of honey/home canned veggies
Botulism
Sprained ankles Distal calf atrophy hammer toes sensory loss palpable peripheral nerves
Charcot-Marie-Tooth
-Hereditary Motor sensory neuropathy
Myasthenia Gravis
anterior mediastinal mass
thymoma
Slow growing midline brain tumor
Seizure or focal neuro signs
Meningioma
Port wine stain in V1 seizures MR hemiparesis glaucoma
Sturge Weber: anomaly of neural crest derivatives affecting small blood vessels.
Hamartomas in skin and CNS adenoma sebaceum Ash leaf spot Mitral regurgitation and Mental retardation AD
Tuberous sclerosis
Cavernous hemangiomas in skin
bilateral renal cell cancer
hemangiobalstoma in retina, brainstem, cerebellum
von Hippel-Lindau diseaese
“curtain drawn over eye”
sudden onset
peripheral vision first effected
Retinal detachment
Acute vision loss PAIN HA red eye mid-dilated fixed pupil
acute angel closure glaucoma
Abrupt onset painless vision loss
hemorrhages
cotton woll spots
central retinal vein occlusion
sudden onset of painless vision loss
Pale fundus and cherry red spot near fovea
central retinal artery occlusion
Sudden onset of vertigo triggered by certain positions
BPPV
Tinnitus, hearing loss vertigo
Meniere’s disease
Unilateral hearing loss, vertigo, tinnitus
acoustic neuroma
Bilateral in NF-2
What does eye direction tell you about the location of a lesion?
eyes look toward hemispheral lesion
eyes look away from brainstem lesion
Bilateral fixed and dilated pupils
severe midbrain damage
Pinpoint pupils
narcotic or barbituate overdose
pontine hemorrhage
eyes look down and inward
thalamic or midbrain hemorrage
Doll’s eye reflex
from reduced cortical influence on brain stem. Usually suppressed when you’re awake
Shallow, slow regular breathing
metabolic or drugs effecting respiration
Cheyne-Stokes breathing
brief apnea: bihemispheral damage or metabolic supression
Kassmaul breathing
deep, usually caused by matabolic acidosis
Drug to reverse opioid toxicity
naltrexone
