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Integrative > Antibiotic choice > Flashcards

Antibiotic choice Flashcards

1
Q

Uses of penicillin

A

GAS
Syphillis
Confirmed penicillin sensitive pneumococcal infection
Meningococcal Infection (proved sensitive)

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2
Q

Uses of amoxicillin

A

acute sinusitis, OM

pneumococcus, Hflu, Moraxella -> good for minor infections

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3
Q

Use of ampicillin

A

Listeria meningitis

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4
Q

Use of augmentin

A

Persistent minor infections

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5
Q

Use unasyn

A

mixed infections -> doesn’t cover MRSA

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6
Q

Use of Ticarcillin/Piperacillin

A

Pseudomonas (burns, neutropenic, hospital aquired pneumonia, CF, ventilator associated pneumonia)

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7
Q

Why do you use higher doses of abx in persistent penumococcal infections

A

pneumococcus uses penecillin binding protein instead of beta-lactamases

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8
Q

Use of Nafcillin and Oxacillin

A 
Staph Aureus (meth sensitive)
cellulitis and endocarditis
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9
Q

Use of PO Dicloxacillin

A

oral for Staph Aureus

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10
Q

What bugs are not covered by cephalosporins?

A

Enterococcus

Anaerobes

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11
Q

Use of 1st gen cephalosporin (cefazolin)

A 
minor staph (outpatient cellulitis)
Pre-operative cellulitis prophalaxis
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12
Q

Use of 2nd gen cephalosporin (Cefuroxime)

A

persistent minor infections (like augmentin)

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13
Q

Use of 3rd generation cephalosporin (ceftriaxone, cefotaxime, cefdinir)

A

more gram negative coverage, good for meningitis

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14
Q

Unique coverage of ceftazidime and cefepime

A

pseudomonas

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15
Q

Use of IM ceftriaxone

A

gonorrhea

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16
Q

When do cephalosporins promote resistance?

A

ESBL producing gram negative organisms: Klebsiells, Actinobacter, Enterobacter, Proteus, Pseudomonas, Serratia, E coli

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17
Q

MOA of aminoglycosides

A

block protein synthesis at 30s ribosomal unit

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18
Q

Use of aminoglycosides

A

gram negative infections

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19
Q

Drug combo used in endocarditis

A

beta-lactams and aminoglycosides

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20
Q

Two conditions when you can’t use aminoglycosides

A

penumonia and meningitis (poor penetration of meninges)

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21
Q

Best drug in CA pneumonia

A

Erythromycin

22
Q

Pro of using azothromycin over erythromycin

A

fewer side effects, higher patient compliance

23
Q

MOA of macrolides

A

bind to 23s RNA of 50s ribosomal subunit

24
Q

AEs of macrolides

A

prolonged QT

25
Q

Use for Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole

A

minor infections, both gram + and neg
PCP pneumonia
Non-serious soft tissue MRSA infections

26
Q

Best drug for uncomplicated UTIs

A

TMP-SFX

27
Q

Bugs that TMP-SFX doesn’t cover

A

strep, psudomonas, anaerobes

28
Q

MOA of TMP-SFX

A

block nucelotide synthesis by inhibiting bacterial folate synthesis

29
Q

Use of Nitrofurantoin

A

UTI of E. coli with sulfa resistance

Pregnancy in UTI

30
Q

Bad side effect of Nitrofurantoin

A

can cause interstitial pulmonary fibrosis

31
Q

MOA of tetracyclines

A

Inhibit 30s ribosomal subunit

32
Q

Use for doxycycline

A

Chlamydia
atypical pneumonia
Rickettsial disease (RMSF)

33
Q

MOA of quinolones

A

Inhibit DNA gyrase and topoisomerases

34
Q

Use of Ciprofloxacin

A

prostatitis, complicated UTI, diabetic foot ulcer

not penumococcal

35
Q

Use of Levofloxacin

A

CA pneumonia, hospitalized pts with gram negative infection

36
Q

AE of quinolones

A

Achilles tendon rupture

blocks neuromuscular activity in Myasthenia Gravis

37
Q

MOA of clindamycin

A

lincosamide that blocks 50s ribosomal unit

38
Q

MOA of Metronidazole

A

promotes free radicals that damage bacterial DNA

39
Q

Use of clindomycin and metronidazole

A

anaerobic infections (intrabdominal or pelvic)

40
Q

Unique uses of metronidazole

A

C diff
Trichomonas
Giardia

41
Q

Diet consideration with metronidazole

A

don’t use alcohol

42
Q

Use of clindomycin

A

MRSA

toxin related complications

43
Q

MOA of vancomycin

A

inhibits cell wall syntehsis and inhibits peptidoglycan synthesis

44
Q

Use of vancomycin

A

MRSA
Staph epidermidis (indwelling catheter)
Ampicillin resistant enterococcal infections

45
Q

Use of Aztreonam

A

serious gram negative infections

Can be used in penicillin allergic patients

46
Q

Use of carbapenams

A

only drugs effective against ESBL gram negatives

47
Q

Use of linezolid

A

gram positives (MRSA, VRE, Peniciilin resistant strep pneumo)

48
Q

Use of daptomycin

A

MRSA skin lesions

NOT MRSA pneumonia

49
Q

Drugs used for psuedomonas

A 
Ticarcillin/Piperacillin
Ceftazidime and Cefepime
Cipro/Levofloxacin
Vancomycin
Carbapenams (if ESBL)
50
Q

Drugs for MRSA

A

TMP-SFX
Clindomycin
Linezolid
Vancomycin

Integrative (15 decks)

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