Respiratory: Restrictive disease

Question 1

What characterizes restrictive disease

Answer 1

restricted filling of lungs

Question 2

what are spirometry values for restrictive disease

Answer 2

decrease TLC, FEV1, FVC

FEV1;FVC ratio increased

Question 3

what are 2 categories what cause restrictive disease

Answer 3

• interstitial disease

- chest wall abnormalities

Question 4

what is idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis

Answer 4

fibrosis of lung interstitium

Question 5

what is the etiology of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis

Answer 5

• etiology unknown

- most likely related to cyclical lung injury

Question 6

cyclical lung injury causes what

Answer 6

TGF- Beta from injured pneumoctes induce fibrosis

Question 7

what are some possible secondary causes of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis

Answer 7

• drugs: bleomycin and amiodarone

- radiation therapy

Question 8

what are clinical features of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis

Answer 8

dyspnea

cough

Question 9

what is seen in lung CT for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis

Answer 9

fibrosis

• initially seen in subpleural patches
• eventually results in diffuse fibrosis with end stage ‘honeycomb’ lung

Question 10

what is the treatment for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis

Answer 10

lung transplantation

Question 11

what is pneumoconioses

Answer 11

interstitial fibrosis due to occupational exposure

- chronic exposure to small particles that are fibrogenic

Question 12

how does fibrosis occur in pneumoconioses

Answer 12

alveolar macrophages engulf foreign particles

Question 13

what are common small particles that people are exposed to in pneumoconioses

Answer 13

1. carbon dust
2. silica
3. beryllium
4. asbestos fibers

Question 14

who is carbon dust most likely seen in

Answer 14

coal miners