Female pathology: ovarian tumors

Question 1

what are the 3 cell types in ovary

Answer 1

surface epithelium
germ cells
sex cordstroma

Question 2

what is the most common type of ovarian tumor

Answer 2

surface epithelial tumor

Question 3

surface epithelial tumors are derived from what

Answer 3

coelomic epithelium that lines ovary

Question 4

coelomic epithelium embryologically produced the epithelial lining of what structures

Answer 4

fallopian tube ( serous cells)
endometrium 
endocervix ( mucinous cells)

Question 5

what are 2 common subtypes of surface epithelium

Answer 5

serous and mucinous

both usually cystic

Question 6

benign tumors ( cystadenomas) are composed of what

Answer 6

single cyst with simple, flat lining

Question 7

cystadenomas commonely occur in who

Answer 7

premenopausal women 30-40

Question 8

malignant tumors ( cystadenocarcinomas) are composed of what

Answer 8

complex cysts with thick, shaggy lining

Question 9

who usually gets cystadenocarcinoma

Answer 9

post menopausal women 60-70

Question 10

BRCA1 mutation carrier have an increased risk for what

Answer 10

serous carcinoma of ovary and fallopian tube

Question 11

what are surgery options for BRCA1 mutant patients

Answer 11

prophylactic salpingo-oophorectomy

prophylactic mastectomy

Question 12

Brenner tumor 2 types. which ones are malignant/benign.

Answer 12

• endometrioid tumors composed of endometiral-like glands, malignant
• bladder-like epithelium, benign

Question 13

when do surface tumors clinically present and how do they present

Answer 13

late with vague abdominal symptoms ( pain and fullness_ or signs of compression ( urinary frequency)

Question 14

prognosis for surface epithelial carcinoma

Answer 14

poor

Question 15

where does epithelial carcinomas tend to spread

Answer 15

peritoneum

Question 16

what is the 2nd most common type of ovarian tumor

Answer 16

germ cell tumor

Question 17

who usually gets germ cellt umor

Answer 17

women of reproductive age

Question 18

choriocarcinoma

Answer 18

cytrotrophoblasts and syncytiotrophoblasts

- mimics placental tissue but villi absent

Question 19

endodermal sinus tumor

Answer 19

yolk sac

Question 20

dysgerminoma

Answer 20

oocytes

Question 21

cystic teratoma and embryonal carcinoma

Answer 21

fetal tissue

Question 22

What is the most common germ cell tumor in females

Answer 22

cystic teratoma

Question 23

struma oavarii is a teratoma composed of what

Answer 23

thyroid tissue

Question 24

cystic teratoma is benign but how does it indicate malignancy

Answer 24

• immature tissue ( usually neural)

- somatic malignancy ( usually squamous cell carcinoma of skin)

Question 25

What is the most common malignant germ cell tumor

Answer 25

Dysgerminoma

Question 26

histo for dysgerminoma

Answer 26

large cells with clear cytoplasm | central nuclei

Question 27

what is the testicular counterpart of Dysgerminoma

Answer 27

seminoma

Question 28

what is a treatment and prognosis for Dysgerminoma

Answer 28

radiotherapy | good prognosis

Question 29

What are serum levels for dysgerminoma

Answer 29

LDH may be elevated

Question 30

what is the most common germ cell tumor in children

Answer 30

endodermal sinus tumor

Question 31

what is serum levels for endodermal sinus tumor

Answer 31

AFP often elevated

Question 32

what is seen in histo for endodermal sinus tumor

Answer 32

Schiller-Duval bodies ( glomerulus-like structures)

Question 33

what hormone levels are high for endodermal sinus tumor? What can this lead to

Answer 33

beta-hCG ( produced by syncytiotrophoblasts) | - thecal cysts in ovary

Question 34

Endodermal sinus tumor does not respond well to what therapy

Answer 34

chemotherapy

Question 35

is Embryonal carcinoma aggressive

Answer 35

yes | early metastasis

Question 36

what is sex cord-stromal tumors

Answer 36

resemble sec cord-stromal tissues of ovary

Question 37

What are 3 types of sex cord-stromal tumors

Answer 37

Granulosa-theca cell tumor Sertoli-Leydig cell tumor Fibroma

Question 38

what is granulosa-theca cell tumor

Answer 38

neoplastic proliferation of granulosa and theca cells

Question 39

what are clinical signs for granulosa-theca cell tumor

Answer 39

estrogen increased - prior to puberty: precocious puberty - reproductive age: menorrhagia and metrorrhagia - postmenopause ( most common): endometrial hyperplasia with uterine bleeding

Question 40

histo for Sertoli-leydig tumor

Answer 40

Reinke crystals

Question 41

what is fibroma

Answer 41

benign tumor of fibroblasts

Question 42

what is fibroma associated with

Answer 42

pleural effusions and ascites ( miegs syndrome)

Question 43

what is Meigs syndrome

Answer 43

triad of benign ovarian tumor with ascites and pleural effusion that resolves after resection of the tumor.

Question 44

What is Krukenberg tumor

Answer 44

metastatic mucinous tumor | - both ovaries

Question 45

what is common cause of Krukenberg tumor

Answer 45

metastatic gastric carcinoma

Question 46

what is pseudomyxoma peritonei

Answer 46

massive amounts of mucus in peritoneum

Question 47

what causes pseudomyxoma peritonei

Answer 47

mucinous tumor of appendix | mats to ovary