Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Pathoma Bina > GI: Stomach > Flashcards

GI: Stomach Flashcards

1
Q

What is gastroschisis

A

congenital malformation of anterior abdominal wall leading to exposure of abdominal contents

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what is omphalocele

A
  • persistent herniation of bowel into umbilical cord
  • failure of herniated intestines to return to body cavity during development
  • contents covered by peritoneum and amnion of the umbilical cord
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is pyloric stenosis

A

congenital hypertrophy of pyloric smooth muscle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

pyloric stenosis commonly occurs in who

A

male

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

when does pyloric stenosis present

A

2 weeks after birth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

name 3 clinical symptoms for pyloric stenosis

A
  1. projectile nonbilious vomiting
  2. visible peristalsis
  3. Olive-like mass in abdomen
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

how is pyloric stenosis treated

A

myotomy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is acute gastritis

A

acidic damage to stomach mucosa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what causes acute gastritis

A

imbalance b/w mucosal defenses and acidic environment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what are defenses of the stomach

A
  • mucin layer produced by foveolar cells
  • bicarbonate secretion by surface epithelium
  • normal blood supply ( provides nutrients and picks up leaked acid)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what are 6 risk factors for acute gastritis

A
  1. severe burn ( Curling ulcer) - hypovolemia leads to decreased blood supply
  2. NSAIDS( decrease PGE2)
  3. Heavy alcohol consumption
  4. chemotherapy
  5. increased intracranial pressure ( Cushing ulcer) - increased stimulation of vagus nerve leads to increased acid production
  6. shock - multiple (stress) ulcers may be seen in ICU patients
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

acid damage in acute gastritis result in

A

superficial inflammation
erosion ( loss of superficial epithelium)
ulcer ( loss of mucosal layer)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is chronic gastritis

A

chronic inflammation of stomach mucosa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what are 2 types of chronic gastritis

A
  1. chronic autoimmune gastritis

2. chronic H. pylori gastritis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what is chronic autoimmune gastritis

A
  • antibodies against parietal cells and/or intrinsic factor (diagnostic)
  • pathogenesis is mediated by T cells ( Type IV hypersensitivity)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what are clinical features for chronic autoimmune gastritis

A
  • atrophy of mucosa with intestinal metaplasia
  • achlorhydria with increased gastrin levels and antral G-cell hyperplasia
  • megaloblastic (pernicious) anemia due to lack of intrinsic factor
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

chronic autoimmune gastritis is an increased risk for what

A

gastric adenocarcinoma ( intestinal type)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Where are gastric parietal cells located in the stomach

A

body and fundus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

what is the most common form of gastritis

A

chronic H. pylori gastritis

20
Q

what is chronic H. pylori gastritis

A

due to H. pylori-induced acute and chronic inflammation

- h. pylori ureases and proteases along with inflammation weaken mucosal defenses

21
Q

what is the most common site for chronic H. pylori gastritis

22
Q

how do patients present with chronic H. pylori gastritis

A

epigastric abdominal pain

23
Q

chronic H. pylori gastritis increases the risk for what

A
  1. ulceration ( peptic ulcer disease)
  2. gastric adenocarcinoma ( intestinal type)
  3. MALT lymphoma
24
Q

how is chronic H. pylori gastritis treated

A

triple therapy: resolves gastritis/ulcer and reverses intestinal metaplasia

25
what tests confirm eradication of H. pylori
negative urea breath test | lack of stool antigen
26
what is peptic ulcer disease
solitary mucosal ulcer involving proximal duodenum (90%) or distal stomach ( 10%)
27
what can cause peptic ulcer disease in duodenal
H. pylori | rare due to ZE syndrome
28
how would a patient clinically present with peptic ulcer disease in duodenum present
epigastric pain that improves with meals
29
what is diagnostic of peptic ulcer disease in duodenum
endoscopic biopsy shows ulcer with hypertrophy of Brunner glands
30
peptic ulcer disease in duodenum is usually located where and what are complications
- usually in anterior duodenum | - when present in posterior duodenum: rupture may lead to bleeding from the gastroduodenal artery or acute pancreatitis
31
what is the most common cause of gastric ulcers
H. pylori | other: NSAIDs and bile reflux
32
how does a patient present with gastric ulcers
epigastric pain that worsen with meals
33
where is gastric ulcer usually located
lesser curvature of antrum
34
when gastric ulcer rupture what are risks
bleeding from left gastric artery
35
Are duodenal ulcers malignent
almost never
36
physically describe benign gastric peptic ulcers
small ( less than 3 cm) sharply demarcated ("punched-out") surrounded by radiating folds of mucosa
37
physically describe malignant gastric peptic ulcers
large and irregular with heaped up margins
38
what is done for definitive diagnosis for gastric ulcers
biopsy
39
what is gastric carcinoma
malignant proliferation of surface epithelial cells ( adenocarcinoma)
40
what are 2 categories of gastric carcinoma
1. intestinal | 2. diffuse types
41
What is the most common type of gastric carcinoma? what does it physically look like? location?
intestinal - large, irregular ulcer with heaped up margins - lesser curvature of the antrum ( similar to gastric ulcer)
42
What are risk factors for gastric carcinoma ( intestinal)
1. intestinal metaplasia (due to H. pylori and autoimmune gastritis) 2. nitrosamines ( in smoked foods - Japan) 3. blood type A
43
characterize the diffuse type gastric carcinoma
- signet ring cells that diffusely infiltrate the gastric wall - desmoplasia results in thickening of stomach wall ( linitis plastica)
44
What type of gastric carcinoma is not associated with H. pylori, intestinal metaplasia, and nitrosamines
diffuse type gastric carcinoma
45
what are late clinical symptoms of gastric carcinoma
- weight loss - abdominal pain - anemia - early satiety rarely presents as: acanthosis nigricans or Leser-Trelat sign
46
what lymph nodes can be involved in gastric carcinoma
left supraclavicular node ( Virchow node)
47
distant metastasis for gastric carcinoma go where
1. liver 2. periumbilical region ( Sister Mary Joseph Nodule) - intestinal type 3. Bilateral ovaries ( Krukenberg tumor) - diffuse type

Pathoma Bina (38 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions