Male Pathology: Testicular tumors Flashcards
testicular tumors arise from what
germ cells or sex cord-stroma
how do testicular tumors usually present on the body
firm, painless testicular mass
cannot be transilluminated
how is testicular tumors removed
radical orchiectomy
can you biopsy a testicular tumor
no
- due to risk of seeding the scrotum
what is the most common type of testicular tumor
germ cell tumor
when does germ cell tumor occur
15-40 years
risk factors for germ cell tumor
cryptorchidism
Klinefelter syndrome
germ cell tumors are divided into what
seminoma and nonseminoma
treatment, metastazie and prognosis for seminoma germ cell tumor
radiotherapy
metastasize late
excellent prognosis
treatment, metastazie and prognosis for seminoma germ cell tumor
variable response to treatment
metastasize early
What is the most common testicular tumor? what does it resemble
seminoma germ cell
ovarian dysgerminoma
histo for seminoma germ cell tumor? What does it resemble? what does it form?
- large cells with clear cytoplasm and central nuclei ( resembles spermatogonia)
- forms hemorrhagic mass with no hemorrhage or necrosis
in rare cases seminoma germ cell tumor can secrete what hormone
beta-hCG
What is prognosis for seminoma germ cell tumor and treatment
good prognosis
radiotherapy
Embryonal carcinoma germ cell is composed of what? and forms what
- immature, primitive cells that may produce glands
- forms hemorrhagic mass with necrosis
what lab values might be present with embryonal carcinomaq
AFP
beta-hCG
What is the most common testicular tumor in children
yolk sac ( endodermal sinus) tumor
hist for yolk sac (endodermal sinus)
Schiller-Duval bodies
lab values for yolk sac ( endodermal sinus) tumor
AFP elevated
what is choriocarcinoma
malignant tumor of syncytiotrophoblasts and cytotrophoblasts ( placenta-like tissue but villi are absent)
who does choriocarcinoma spread
blood
what hormone is increased in choriocarcinoma? what may this lead to?
beta-hCG
- hyperthyroidism or gynecomastia ( alpha-subunit of hCG is similar to that of FSH, LH , and TSH)
what is teratoma tumor composed of
mature fetal tissue derived from 2 or 3 embryonic layers
who is teratoma malignant in
malignant in males as opposed to females
lab values for teratoma
AFP ro Beta-hCG
what is sex-chord stromal tumors
resemble sex cord-stromal tissue of the testicle
usually benign
what do leydig cell tumor usually produce? what does this result in?
androgens
- precocious puberty in children or gynecomastia in adults
histo for sex-chord tumors
Reinke crystals
sertoli cell tumor is comprised of what? clinical manifestation
tubules and clinically silent
what is the most common cause of testicular mass in males greater than 60 years old? how does it present
lymphoma
bilaterally
what cell type is in lymphoma
diffuse large B-cell type
