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Pathoma Bina > GI: Oral Cavity/ Salivary Gland > Flashcards

GI: Oral Cavity/ Salivary Gland Flashcards

1
Q

What is cleft lip and palate?

A

full-thickness defect of lip or palate

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2
Q

What causes cleft lip and palate? When does this occur

A
  • failure of facial prominences to fuse: 1 superior, 2 from the sides, 2 from inferior
  • early pregnancy
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3
Q

What is Aphthous ulcer

A

painful, superficial ulceration of the oral mucosa

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4
Q

When does aphthous ulcer occur

A

arise during stress and resolves spontaneously, but often reoccurs

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5
Q

what is the physical characteristic for aphthous ulcer

A

grayish base surrounded by erythema

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6
Q

what is behcet syndrome

A

recurrent aphthous ulcers, genital ulcers, and uveitis

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7
Q

what causes behcet syndrome

A

immune complex vasculitis involving small vessels

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8
Q

What is the etiology of behcet syndrome

A

unknown, but can be seen after viral infection

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9
Q

What usually causes oral herpes

A

HSV-1

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10
Q

what is oral herpes

A

oral mucosa that rupture, resulting in shallow, painful, red ulcers

lesions heal

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11
Q

When does primary infection of oral herpes occur

A

childhood

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12
Q

Where does HSV-1 Live in the body

A

virus remains dormant in ganglia of the trigeminal nerve

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13
Q

what can cause reactivation of oral herpes

A

stress and sunlight

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14
Q

where do oral herpes usually occur

A

vesicles on lips, cold sore

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15
Q

what is squamous cell carcinoma (oral)?

A

Malignant neoplasm of squamous cells lining the oral mucosa

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16
Q

what are 2 major risk factors for squamous cell carcinoma

A

tobacco and alcohol

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17
Q

what is the most common location for squamous cell carcinoma ( oral)

A

floor of mouth

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18
Q

what are 2 precursor lesions for squamous cell carcinoma (oral)

A

oral leukoplakia

erythroplakia

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19
Q

what is leukoplakia

A

white plaque that cannot be scraped away

20
Q

Leukoplakia often represents what

A

squamous cell dysplasia

21
Q

Describe oral candidiasis

A
  • white deposit on tongue

- easily scraped away

22
Q

who usually gets oral candidiasis

A

immunocompromised states

23
Q

Describe hairy leukoplakia

A

white, rough (‘hairy’) patch that arises on the lateral tongue

24
Q

who is hairy leukoplakia usually seen in and what usually causes it

A
  • immunocompromised states

- EBV-induced squamous cell hyperplasia; not pre-malignant

25
Q

What is Erythroplakia

A
  • red plaque

- vascularized leukoplakia

26
Q

erythroplakia is highly suggestive of what

A

squamous cell dysplasia

27
Q

What is biopsied for rule out carcinoma

A

erythroplakia and leukoplakia

28
Q

what type of glands are salivary glands

A

exocrine glands

29
Q

what are the major salivary glands

A

parotid
submandibular
sublingual

30
Q

what is mumps

A

infection with mumps virus

-bilateral inflamed parotid glands

31
Q

Mumps impacts what other organs

A

orchitis
pancreatitis
aseptic meningitis

32
Q

what is orchitis

A

inflammation of one or both testicles

33
Q

What is increased in the salivary gland due to mumps

A

serum amylase

34
Q

what are the risks of orchitis

A

sterility, especially in teens

35
Q

what is sialadenitis

A

inflammation of the salivary gland

36
Q

what is a common cause of sialadenitis

A 
obstructing stone (sialolithiasis) leading to staphylococcus aureus infection
- usually unilateral
37
Q

What is the most common tumor of the salivary gland

A

Pleomorphic adenoma

38
Q

What is pleomorphic adenoma

A
  • benign tumor composed of stromal (e.g., cartilage) and epithelial tissue
39
Q

What gland does pleomorphic adenoma commonly occur

A

Parotid

40
Q

what is the physical characteristic of pleomorphic adenoma

A

extension of small islands of tumor through tumor capsule often leads to incomplete secretion

41
Q

How often does pleomorphic adenoma turn over to carcinoma? characterize the carcinoma

A

rarely,

- signs of facial nerve damage ( facial nerve runs through parotid gland)

42
Q

What is the 2nd most common tumor of the salivary gland

A

Warthin tumor

43
Q

What is warthin tumor

A

benign cystic tumor with abundant lymphocytes and germinal centers (lymph node-like stroma)

44
Q

what gland does warthin tumor usually occur in

A

parotid

45
Q

What is the most common malignant tumor of the salivary gland

A

mucoepidermoid carcinoma

46
Q

what is mucoepidermoid carcinoma

A

malignant tumor composed of mucinous and squamous cells

47
Q

What gland does the mucoepidermoid carcinoma occur in?

A

parotid

- commonly involves facial nerve

Pathoma Bina (38 decks)

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