GI: Oral Cavity/ Salivary Gland

Question 1

What is cleft lip and palate?

Answer 1

full-thickness defect of lip or palate

Question 2

What causes cleft lip and palate? When does this occur

Answer 2

• failure of facial prominences to fuse: 1 superior, 2 from the sides, 2 from inferior
• early pregnancy

Question 3

What is Aphthous ulcer

Answer 3

painful, superficial ulceration of the oral mucosa

Question 4

When does aphthous ulcer occur

Answer 4

arise during stress and resolves spontaneously, but often reoccurs

Question 5

what is the physical characteristic for aphthous ulcer

Answer 5

grayish base surrounded by erythema

Question 6

what is behcet syndrome

Answer 6

recurrent aphthous ulcers, genital ulcers, and uveitis

Question 7

what causes behcet syndrome

Answer 7

immune complex vasculitis involving small vessels

Question 8

What is the etiology of behcet syndrome

Answer 8

unknown, but can be seen after viral infection

Question 9

What usually causes oral herpes

Answer 9

HSV-1

Question 10

what is oral herpes

Answer 10

oral mucosa that rupture, resulting in shallow, painful, red ulcers

lesions heal

Question 11

When does primary infection of oral herpes occur

Answer 11

childhood

Question 12

Where does HSV-1 Live in the body

Answer 12

virus remains dormant in ganglia of the trigeminal nerve

Question 13

what can cause reactivation of oral herpes

Answer 13

stress and sunlight

Question 14

where do oral herpes usually occur

Answer 14

vesicles on lips, cold sore

Question 15

what is squamous cell carcinoma (oral)?

Answer 15

Malignant neoplasm of squamous cells lining the oral mucosa

Question 16

what are 2 major risk factors for squamous cell carcinoma

Answer 16

tobacco and alcohol

Question 17

what is the most common location for squamous cell carcinoma ( oral)

Answer 17

floor of mouth

Question 18

what are 2 precursor lesions for squamous cell carcinoma (oral)

Answer 18

oral leukoplakia

erythroplakia

Question 19

what is leukoplakia

Answer 19

white plaque that cannot be scraped away

Question 20

Leukoplakia often represents what

Answer 20

squamous cell dysplasia

Question 21

Describe oral candidiasis

Answer 21

• white deposit on tongue

- easily scraped away

Question 22

who usually gets oral candidiasis

Answer 22

immunocompromised states

Question 23

Describe hairy leukoplakia

Answer 23

white, rough (‘hairy’) patch that arises on the lateral tongue

Question 24

who is hairy leukoplakia usually seen in and what usually causes it

Answer 24

• immunocompromised states

- EBV-induced squamous cell hyperplasia; not pre-malignant

Question 25

What is Erythroplakia

Answer 25

- red plaque | - vascularized leukoplakia

Question 26

erythroplakia is highly suggestive of what

Answer 26

squamous cell dysplasia

Question 27

What is biopsied for rule out carcinoma

Answer 27

erythroplakia and leukoplakia

Question 28

what type of glands are salivary glands

Answer 28

exocrine glands

Question 29

what are the major salivary glands

Answer 29

parotid submandibular sublingual

Question 30

what is mumps

Answer 30

infection with mumps virus | -bilateral inflamed parotid glands

Question 31

Mumps impacts what other organs

Answer 31

orchitis pancreatitis aseptic meningitis

Question 32

what is orchitis

Answer 32

inflammation of one or both testicles

Question 33

What is increased in the salivary gland due to mumps

Answer 33

serum amylase

Question 34

what are the risks of orchitis

Answer 34

sterility, especially in teens

Question 35

what is sialadenitis

Answer 35

inflammation of the salivary gland

Question 36

what is a common cause of sialadenitis

Answer 36

``` obstructing stone (sialolithiasis) leading to staphylococcus aureus infection - usually unilateral ```

Question 37

What is the most common tumor of the salivary gland

Answer 37

Pleomorphic adenoma

Question 38

What is pleomorphic adenoma

Answer 38

- benign tumor composed of stromal (e.g., cartilage) and epithelial tissue

Question 39

What gland does pleomorphic adenoma commonly occur

Answer 39

Parotid

Question 40

what is the physical characteristic of pleomorphic adenoma

Answer 40

extension of small islands of tumor through tumor capsule often leads to incomplete secretion

Question 41

How often does pleomorphic adenoma turn over to carcinoma? characterize the carcinoma

Answer 41

rarely, | - signs of facial nerve damage ( facial nerve runs through parotid gland)

Question 42

What is the 2nd most common tumor of the salivary gland

Answer 42

Warthin tumor

Question 43

What is warthin tumor

Answer 43

benign cystic tumor with abundant lymphocytes and germinal centers (lymph node-like stroma)

Question 44

what gland does warthin tumor usually occur in

Answer 44

parotid

Question 45

What is the most common malignant tumor of the salivary gland

Answer 45

mucoepidermoid carcinoma

Question 46

what is mucoepidermoid carcinoma

Answer 46

malignant tumor composed of mucinous and squamous cells

Question 47

What gland does the mucoepidermoid carcinoma occur in?

Answer 47

parotid | - commonly involves facial nerve