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Histology Exam 2 > Respiratory Pt 1 > Flashcards

Respiratory Pt 1 Flashcards

1
Q

In Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia
(Immotile cilia syndrome) ___ and ___ are immobile

A

Cilia and Flagella

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2
Q

In asthma: prolonged contraction of smooth muscle can result in

A

Difficulty in expelling air from lungs

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3
Q

The nasal cavities and
paranasal sinuses provide
an extensive surface area
for:

A

warming, moistening &
filtering inspired air.

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4
Q

Projecting from the
lateral wall are nasal
conchae or turbinates
which cause airflow
turbulence,
facilitating contact
between the air and
the mucus blanket
covering the
______ of
each nasal cavity

A

respiratory region

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5
Q

the roof of the
nasal cavity contains the
______

A

olfactory mucosa

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6
Q

Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia
(Immotile cilia syndrome) in some cases is due to a deficiency of ______

A

dynein (missing or defective arms)

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7
Q

“____ epithelium” lines most of the
tract.

A

Respiratory

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8
Q

Inspired air is conditioned before
reaching the ____

A

lungs

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9
Q

Goblet Cells: Cell population tapers off in
_____

A

terminal bronchioles

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10
Q

(sero)mucous glands, elastic fibers,
bone/cartilage, and smooth muscle are all found in:

A

Lamina Propria

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11
Q

T/F: skeletal CT is extensive at the level of the bronchioles

A

False: absent at bronchioles

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12
Q

separated by
the septum, contains a
vestibule, a respiratory
portion, and an olfactory portion

A

nasal cavity

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13
Q

What is Metaplasia?

A

1 type of epithelium replacing another type

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14
Q

4 Paranasal sinuses:

A

Frontal, ethmoid, maxillary &
sphenoid

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15
Q

Coordinated cilia
movement moves mucus and/or particulate matter
towards the ___

A

pharynx

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16
Q

____ cells predominate in Respiratory Epithelium

A

Ciliated columnar cells

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17
Q

Increase towards alveoli

A

Elastic FIbers

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18
Q

(Conducting Portion) Consists of a series of
tubes/cavities:
Carry air to & from
_____

A

site of gas
exchange

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19
Q

In Smoker’s respiratory epithelium we see increase in ___ and decrease in _____ (cells)

A

Increase in goblet cells
(Protect against pollutants); Decrease in ciliated columnar
cells
(Decrease in movement of
mucus)

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20
Q

Historical remnants of evolutionary origins from Gut

A

K Cells

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21
Q

Kulchitsky or K cell secrete _____

A

various GI
hormones

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22
Q

1) Ciliated columnar
cells
2. Goblet cells
3. Brush cells
4. Basal cells
5. Small granule cells
are all found WHERE

A

Respiratory Epithelium

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23
Q

Small round stem
cells
* Give rise to ciliated
columnar, goblet &
brush cells
* Lie on basal
lamina, but do not
reach lumen

A

Basal Cells

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24
Q

Conducting Portion: –Consists of epithelium,
lamina propria &
adventitia
–Wall ____ in
thickness from the
nasal cavity to the
alveol

A

decreases

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25
Q

Secondary functions of the respiratory system include

A

olfaction in
nasal cavity & phonation from larynx

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26
Q

Secrete a fluid intermediate
between a watery & a
viscous substance; From nasal cavity to
bronchi

A

Seromucous Glands

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27
Q

–Narrow base & expanded
apex
–Contains large, light-staining
granules

A

Goblet Cells

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28
Q

Functions of ____
–Air Filtration
–Conchae interrupt air flow
and create turbulence
◼Particulate matter thrown
against conchae and adheres
to its moist surface
◼Cilia move mucus/matter into
nasophary

A

Nasal Mucosa

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29
Q

Collagen & elastic
fibers
* Blends with
surrounding tissues
* Provides structural
support

A

Wall Structure: Adventitia

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30
Q

5 cell types found in resp epithelium

A

1) Ciliated columnar
cells
2. Goblet cells
3. Brush cells
4. Basal cells
5. Small granule cells

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31
Q

The _____ consists of the nasal cavity & associated sinuses,
nasopharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles and terminal
bronchioles.

A

conducting portion

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32
Q

Normally, bronchiole smooth muscle
_____ at the end of expiration
(parasympathetic) and ____ during
inspiration

A

contracts; relaxes

33
Q

In bronchi, spiral layers
encircling the walls
* Along bronchiole tree the
layers gradually decrease

A

Smooth muscle

34
Q

Goblet Cells have Hydrophilic glycoproteins called ____

A

mucins

35
Q

Mucous & serous glands in
lamina propria moisten
inspired air
* Protect epithelium from
____

A

dessication

36
Q

Secretions from small granule cells may exert ____ effect on goblet cell secretion & Ciliary Activity

A

paracrine

37
Q

–scattered
throughout respiratory tract
–Part of diffuse enteroendocrine
system (NE

A

Kulchitsky or K cell

38
Q

Causes infertility in men & chronic respiratory tract infections in both
sexes

A

Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia
(Immotile cilia syndrome)

39
Q

Superficial vascular network in
lamina propria ___inspired
air

A

warms

40
Q

____ portion: Consists of a series of
tubes/cavities

A

Conducting Portion

41
Q

O2 carried to tissues for _____ respiration (oxidative
metabolism => ATP, energy)

A

cellular

42
Q

_____ respiration associated with lungs—functions
in gas exchange (O2 & CO2)

A

Mechanical

43
Q

Remaining
columnar-shaped
cells
* Have microvilli

A

Brush Cells

44
Q

With asthma, smooth muscle undergoes
_____ during expiration

A

prolonged contraction

45
Q

(Lamina Propria) Loose CT that contains: (4)

A

Seromucous Glands, ELastic fibers, skeletal CT and smooth muscle

46
Q

3 Primary functions of the respiratory system

A

air conduction, filtration, & gas
exchange

47
Q

“likelihood that these cells are
precursors of small cell lung carcinoma”

A

K Cells

48
Q

Base has afferent
nerve endings
* Sensory
receptors for
general
sensation or
* Intermediate
stage of ciliated
cell
development

A

Brush Cells

49
Q

Hairs in the nose to remove
course particles of ___

A

dust

50
Q

In Smoker’s respiratory epithelium the epithelium is changed to:

A

stratified squamous (“better protection”)

51
Q

T/F: the sinuses
may have no function at all.

A

true

52
Q

Composition of ___ changes throughout length (Wall structure of respiratory system)

A

Lamina Propria

53
Q

_____ – loose C.T. containing
(sero)mucous glands, elastic fibers,
bone/cartilage, and smooth muscle

A

Lamina propria

54
Q

Regulates luminal
diameter

A

Smooth muscle

55
Q

are frequently
used to relax bronchiolar muscles during
asthma attack

A

Steroids & B2-agonists

56
Q

Respiratory system wall structure

A

Resp Epith, Lamina Prop, Adventitia

57
Q

T/F: Alveolar sac level smooth
muscle is absent

A

True

58
Q

Prevents respiratory tube
from collapsing, will
decrease

A

Skeletal CT

59
Q

Mucous & serous glands in
lamina propria ____
inspired air

A

moisten

60
Q

Respiration divided into ___respiration & ____
respiration

A

mechanical and cellular

61
Q

(vocalization—speech)

A

phonation

62
Q

Respiratory Portion: Extends from ____ to alveoli

A

respiratory
bronchioles

63
Q

These cells synthesize and
secrete mucus

A

Goblet Cells

64
Q

(Lamina propria:
Skeletal CT)
–NASAL CAVITY:
* Bone & cartilage
Larynx/Trachea:
* _____ only

A

Hyaline cartilage

65
Q

The possible functions of the
sinuses are as follows:

A
  1. air conditioning or circulation
    related to olfaction
  2. reduction of skull weight
  3. heat insulation
  4. vocal resonance and
    diminution of auditory feedback
  5. allowing for developmental
    features of facial growth &
    differentiation
66
Q

Conducting portion is comprised of: (7)

A

nasal
cavity, nasopharynx,
larynx, trachea, bronchi,
bronchioles & terminal
bronchioles

67
Q

(Goblet Cells) Hydrophilic glycoproteins
called mucins
* Extracellularly become
hydrated to form ____

A

mucus

68
Q

–Benign focal pigmentations
of oral mucosa
–Tends to increase
significantly with tobacco
consumption

A

Smoker’s Melanosis

69
Q

Begins in trachea
* Joins open ends of C-
shaped rings

A

smooth muscle

70
Q

Where gas exchange
(oxygen & carbon dioxide)
occurs

A

Respiratory Portion

71
Q

a
viscous protective lubricating
gel

A

mucus

72
Q

Cilia move mucus/matter into
____

A

nasopharyx

73
Q

Nasal Cavity: Each cavity, separated by
the _____

A

septum

74
Q

What is Respiratory Epithelium?

A

Ciliated pseudostratified columnar
epithelium with goblet cells

75
Q

____ cells are
the second most
abundant cell
type in respiratory epithelium

A

Goblet Cells

76
Q

(sense of smell)

A

olfaction

77
Q

Pharynx from Superior to Posterior

A

Nasopharynx, Oropharynx, Laryngopharynx

78
Q

(Nasal Cavity) Projecting from the
lateral wall are _____
which cause airflow
turbulence

A

nasal
conchae or turbinates

Histology Exam 2 (12 decks)

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