Respiratory Pt 1 Flashcards
In Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia
(Immotile cilia syndrome) ___ and ___ are immobile
Cilia and Flagella
In asthma: prolonged contraction of smooth muscle can result in
Difficulty in expelling air from lungs
The nasal cavities and
paranasal sinuses provide
an extensive surface area
for:
warming, moistening &
filtering inspired air.
Projecting from the
lateral wall are nasal
conchae or turbinates
which cause airflow
turbulence,
facilitating contact
between the air and
the mucus blanket
covering the
______ of
each nasal cavity
respiratory region
the roof of the
nasal cavity contains the
______
olfactory mucosa
Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia
(Immotile cilia syndrome) in some cases is due to a deficiency of ______
dynein (missing or defective arms)
“____ epithelium” lines most of the
tract.
Respiratory
Inspired air is conditioned before
reaching the ____
lungs
Goblet Cells: Cell population tapers off in
_____
terminal bronchioles
(sero)mucous glands, elastic fibers,
bone/cartilage, and smooth muscle are all found in:
Lamina Propria
T/F: skeletal CT is extensive at the level of the bronchioles
False: absent at bronchioles
separated by
the septum, contains a
vestibule, a respiratory
portion, and an olfactory portion
nasal cavity
What is Metaplasia?
1 type of epithelium replacing another type
4 Paranasal sinuses:
Frontal, ethmoid, maxillary &
sphenoid
Coordinated cilia
movement moves mucus and/or particulate matter
towards the ___
pharynx
____ cells predominate in Respiratory Epithelium
Ciliated columnar cells
Increase towards alveoli
Elastic FIbers
(Conducting Portion) Consists of a series of
tubes/cavities:
Carry air to & from
_____
site of gas
exchange
In Smoker’s respiratory epithelium we see increase in ___ and decrease in _____ (cells)
Increase in goblet cells
(Protect against pollutants); Decrease in ciliated columnar
cells
(Decrease in movement of
mucus)
Historical remnants of evolutionary origins from Gut
K Cells
Kulchitsky or K cell secrete _____
various GI
hormones
1) Ciliated columnar
cells
2. Goblet cells
3. Brush cells
4. Basal cells
5. Small granule cells
are all found WHERE
Respiratory Epithelium
Small round stem
cells
* Give rise to ciliated
columnar, goblet &
brush cells
* Lie on basal
lamina, but do not
reach lumen
Basal Cells
Conducting Portion: –Consists of epithelium,
lamina propria &
adventitia
–Wall ____ in
thickness from the
nasal cavity to the
alveol
decreases
Secondary functions of the respiratory system include
olfaction in
nasal cavity & phonation from larynx
Secrete a fluid intermediate
between a watery & a
viscous substance; From nasal cavity to
bronchi
Seromucous Glands
–Narrow base & expanded
apex
–Contains large, light-staining
granules
Goblet Cells
Functions of ____
–Air Filtration
–Conchae interrupt air flow
and create turbulence
◼Particulate matter thrown
against conchae and adheres
to its moist surface
◼Cilia move mucus/matter into
nasophary
Nasal Mucosa
Collagen & elastic
fibers
* Blends with
surrounding tissues
* Provides structural
support
Wall Structure: Adventitia
5 cell types found in resp epithelium
1) Ciliated columnar
cells
2. Goblet cells
3. Brush cells
4. Basal cells
5. Small granule cells
The _____ consists of the nasal cavity & associated sinuses,
nasopharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles and terminal
bronchioles.
conducting portion
Normally, bronchiole smooth muscle
_____ at the end of expiration
(parasympathetic) and ____ during
inspiration
contracts; relaxes
In bronchi, spiral layers
encircling the walls
* Along bronchiole tree the
layers gradually decrease
Smooth muscle
Goblet Cells have Hydrophilic glycoproteins called ____
mucins
Mucous & serous glands in
lamina propria moisten
inspired air
* Protect epithelium from
____
dessication
Secretions from small granule cells may exert ____ effect on goblet cell secretion & Ciliary Activity
paracrine
–scattered
throughout respiratory tract
–Part of diffuse enteroendocrine
system (NE
Kulchitsky or K cell
Causes infertility in men & chronic respiratory tract infections in both
sexes
Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia
(Immotile cilia syndrome)
Superficial vascular network in
lamina propria ___inspired
air
warms
____ portion: Consists of a series of
tubes/cavities
Conducting Portion
O2 carried to tissues for _____ respiration (oxidative
metabolism => ATP, energy)
cellular
_____ respiration associated with lungs—functions
in gas exchange (O2 & CO2)
Mechanical
Remaining
columnar-shaped
cells
* Have microvilli
Brush Cells
With asthma, smooth muscle undergoes
_____ during expiration
prolonged contraction
(Lamina Propria) Loose CT that contains: (4)
Seromucous Glands, ELastic fibers, skeletal CT and smooth muscle
3 Primary functions of the respiratory system
air conduction, filtration, & gas
exchange
“likelihood that these cells are
precursors of small cell lung carcinoma”
K Cells
Base has afferent
nerve endings
* Sensory
receptors for
general
sensation or
* Intermediate
stage of ciliated
cell
development
Brush Cells
Hairs in the nose to remove
course particles of ___
dust
In Smoker’s respiratory epithelium the epithelium is changed to:
stratified squamous (“better protection”)
T/F: the sinuses
may have no function at all.
true
Composition of ___ changes throughout length (Wall structure of respiratory system)
Lamina Propria
_____ – loose C.T. containing
(sero)mucous glands, elastic fibers,
bone/cartilage, and smooth muscle
Lamina propria
Regulates luminal
diameter
Smooth muscle
are frequently
used to relax bronchiolar muscles during
asthma attack
Steroids & B2-agonists
Respiratory system wall structure
Resp Epith, Lamina Prop, Adventitia
T/F: Alveolar sac level smooth
muscle is absent
True
Prevents respiratory tube
from collapsing, will
decrease
Skeletal CT
Mucous & serous glands in
lamina propria ____
inspired air
moisten
Respiration divided into ___respiration & ____
respiration
mechanical and cellular
(vocalization—speech)
phonation
Respiratory Portion: Extends from ____ to alveoli
respiratory
bronchioles
These cells synthesize and
secrete mucus
Goblet Cells
(Lamina propria:
Skeletal CT)
–NASAL CAVITY:
* Bone & cartilage
Larynx/Trachea:
* _____ only
Hyaline cartilage
The possible functions of the
sinuses are as follows:
- air conditioning or circulation
related to olfaction - reduction of skull weight
- heat insulation
- vocal resonance and
diminution of auditory feedback - allowing for developmental
features of facial growth &
differentiation
Conducting portion is comprised of: (7)
nasal
cavity, nasopharynx,
larynx, trachea, bronchi,
bronchioles & terminal
bronchioles
(Goblet Cells) Hydrophilic glycoproteins
called mucins
* Extracellularly become
hydrated to form ____
mucus
–Benign focal pigmentations
of oral mucosa
–Tends to increase
significantly with tobacco
consumption
Smoker’s Melanosis
Begins in trachea
* Joins open ends of C-
shaped rings
smooth muscle
Where gas exchange
(oxygen & carbon dioxide)
occurs
Respiratory Portion
a
viscous protective lubricating
gel
mucus
Cilia move mucus/matter into
____
nasopharyx
Nasal Cavity: Each cavity, separated by
the _____
septum
What is Respiratory Epithelium?
Ciliated pseudostratified columnar
epithelium with goblet cells
____ cells are
the second most
abundant cell
type in respiratory epithelium
Goblet Cells
(sense of smell)
olfaction
Pharynx from Superior to Posterior
Nasopharynx, Oropharynx, Laryngopharynx
(Nasal Cavity) Projecting from the
lateral wall are _____
which cause airflow
turbulence
nasal
conchae or turbinates
