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Histology Exam 2 > Pt 2. Integument and Barriers to Infection > Flashcards

Pt 2. Integument and Barriers to Infection Flashcards

1
Q

____ thickens and forms plaques in psoriasis

A

stratum corneum

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2
Q

Keratinization of new cells and desquamation is followed by _____

A

wound contraction

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3
Q

occurs with
more extensive loss of tissue, where
wound edges do not approximate
(e.g., infarct, ulcer, abscess)

A

Second intention healing

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4
Q

Comparing first to second intention healing: Which involves wound contraction?

A

Second

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5
Q

Burn involves only epidermis

A

1st degree burn

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6
Q

_____ also known as eczema, is inflammation of the skin

A

Dermatitis

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7
Q

How long to fill a 1cm wide cut?

A

3 weeks

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8
Q

Takes ~ 25 days for cells to mature from stratum
basale to stratum corneum => _______

A

keratinization

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9
Q

What happens immediately after an incision is made?

A

It fills with blood and clots

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10
Q

Name 3 common skin tumors

A

Squamous cell carcinoma
Basal cell carcinoma
Melanoma

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11
Q

What happens on day 5 of wound repair?

A

incision filled with granulation
tissue

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12
Q

Simultaneous proliferation/
maturation of keratinocytes behind
migrating front slowly restores
_____

A

multilayered, stratified epidermis

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13
Q

Epithelial cells of _____ begin
mitosis => epithelial closure
(reapproximation) within 24—48 hrs

A

stratum basale

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14
Q

Layer of dermis: Contains main blood vessels &
nerves
* Effective heat insulator, energy
storage, shock absorber
* Can contain the deepest
portion of hair follicles &
apocrine/eccrine glands

A

Hypodermis

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15
Q

Comparing first to second intention healing: Which consists of more intense inflammation?

A

second (there is more necrotic debris, exudate, and fibrin to remove)

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16
Q

Common skin tumors derived from melanocytes

A

melanoma

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17
Q

What stage of wound repair –
continued fibroplasia & collagen
accumulation => mature granulation tissue
* Progressive ↓ in inflammation
* Presence of inflammatory cells & inflammatory cell
products => itching while healing

A

Week 2

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18
Q

Skin Tumor: Specific features include consumption of the epidermis, pagetoid spread of
melanocytes, nests of melanocytes with variable size and shape (which may be
confluent and lack maturation), melanocytes within lymphovascular spaces, deep and
atypical mitoses and increased apoptosis.

A

Melanoma

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19
Q

Retinoid efficacy in psoriasis is based on their antiproliferative ( slow
down skin cell growth), differentiation normalizing, and _____ effects.

A

anti-inflammatory

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20
Q

3 processes: neovascularization, fibroplasia, & re-
epithelialization =>
production of _______

A

granulation tissue

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21
Q

In full thickness abrasion, or third degree burns, re-
epithelialization limited by _____

A

size of wound

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22
Q

What happens on day 3-7 of wound repair?

A

neutrophils begin to be replaced
by Macrophages (transition from acute to
subacute phase)

23
Q

Squamous cell carcinoma: nests of squamous epithelial cells arising from the ____
and extending into the ___

A

epidermis. dermis.

24
Q

Burn involves both epidermis &
dermis

A

2nd degree burn

25
Q

Deepest layer of dermis

A

Hypodermis (subcutis)

26
Q

Keratinization of new cells => desquamation &
lifting of scab from periphery after_______

A

~ 3 wks

27
Q

________ are a useful steroid-free alternative in a wide range
of skin disorders including acne photoaging, post-inflammatory
hyperpigmentation, and psoriasis

A

Topical retinoids

28
Q

burn involves all three layers,
epidermis, dermis & hypodermis

A

3rd degree burn

(potentially destroyed capillary networks)

29
Q

Comparing first to second intention healing: Which involves larger amount of granulation tissue (larger defect)

A

second

30
Q

_____ occurs in psoriasis leading to increased blood flow to the affected areas

A

angiogenesis

(formation of new blood cells)

31
Q
  • Effective heat insulator, energy
    storage, shock absorber
  • Can contain the deepest
    portion of hair follicles &
    apocrine/eccrine glands
A

hypodermis

32
Q

antiproliferative

A

slowing down cell growth

33
Q

raised, thickened connective
tissue scar. (what is this and what is it the result of?)

A

Keloid—excess fibroplasia (formation of fibrous tissue)

34
Q

In haired skin, migration of cells from
external root sheath of hair follicles
augments ___

A

re-epithelialization

35
Q

characterized by itchy, erythematous, vesicular, weeping, and
crusting patches

A

eczema

36
Q
  • Presence of inflammatory cells & inflammatory cell
    products => itching while healing
    OCCURS when?
A

week 2 of healing

37
Q

Wound repair: * With _____ deficiency, collagen breaks down; old
scars can re-open & bleed

A

Vitamin C

(not laying down as good CT)

38
Q

What is the cause of ezcema/dermatitus?

A

unclear–One possibility is a dysfunctional
interplay between the immune system and skin

39
Q

What happens to a wound within 3-24 hours

A

neutrophils infiltrate clot—acute phase

40
Q

What is a common treatment of psoriasis characterized by antiproliferative effects

A

retinoids

(steroid-free alternative)

41
Q

What layer of dermis is this describing? –prominent, broad
bands of dense collagen & long
thin elastin fibers, blood vessels,
lymphatics & nerves

A

reticular layer

42
Q

What layer of dermis is this describing? —-pale-staining, less
collagen & elastin but more
matrix

A

papillary layer

43
Q

Following initial _______
epithelial cells of stratum basale
migrate from edges of wound at ~ 0.5
mm/day

A

clot formation

44
Q

What stage of wound repair –
connective tissue scar, without
inflammation, covered by intact epithelium

A

Month 2

45
Q

Psoriasis: increased inflammatory cells form _____

A

microabcesses

46
Q

Common skin tumors derived from epithelial cells

A

squamous cell carcinoma and basal cell carcinoma

47
Q

Comparing first to second intention healing: Which has the larger scab?

A

second

48
Q

Components of Dermis of Thick Skin

A
  • Fibroblasts/-cytes & extracellular
    matrix
  • Collagen, elastin & reticular fibers
  • GAG-containing matrix
  • Blood vessels & nerves
  • Small #macrophages, lymphocytes
    & mast cells
49
Q

Squamous cell carcinoma: The malignant cells are often large with
abundant eosinophilic cytoplasm and a _____

A

large, often vesicular, nucleus

50
Q

Burns classified according to ____

A

severity

51
Q

wound contraction is due to ______

A

myofibroblasts

(trying to pull edges of wound together)

52
Q

Hypodermis is ____ tissue with fibrocollagenous septae

A

adipose

53
Q

Skin tumor: largely characterized by aggregates of cells with a
small cytoplasm and large, hyperchromatic nuclei, apoptotic cells, all included in a
fibromyxoid stroma, with tumor retraction spaces.

A

Basal cell carcinoma

54
Q

Grafting is common for this type of burn… what layers do this type involve..

A

3rd degree burn–epidermis, dermis, and hypodermis

Histology Exam 2 (12 decks)

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