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Histology Exam 2 > Leukocytes--Granulocytes > Flashcards

Leukocytes--Granulocytes Flashcards

1
Q

Self-renewal preserves the pool of stem cells
and is critical for feeding common myeloid
progenitor and common lymphoid progenitor
into the ______ pathway.

A

differentiation or maturation

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2
Q

Eosinophils: Also have _____ function, especially against flukes
(helminths) & affinity for Ag-Ab (antigen-antibody) complexes

A

antiparasitic

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3
Q

Five colony-forming units (CFUs) derive from the myeloid
stem cell:

A

the erythroid CFU, the megakaryocyte CFU,
the basophil CFU, the eosinophil CFU, and the
granulocyte-macrophage CFU

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4
Q

Basophils: Used in Type ____ hypersensitivity rxn’s
(e.g., asthma, hayfever, & some types of allergic
dermatitis)

A

Type I (immediate)

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5
Q

In response to an infection, leukocytes attach to endothelial cells through a cascade of
_______ interactions occurring near the infected area

A

receptor-ligand

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6
Q

– have reddish, or pink-
orange granules in their cytoplasm.
–constitute about 2–4% of the total
number of leukocytes
–nucleus usually has two lobes,
which are connected by a thin
strand

A

Eosinophils

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7
Q

The megakaryocyte CFU generates ____

A

platelets

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8
Q

Neutrophils are associated with ____ inflammation. How long does it last?

A

acute inflammation, lasts several days

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9
Q

The ____ gives rise to T cell and B cell
precursors.

A

The lymphoid stem cell

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10
Q

role of gelatinase

A

breaks down collagen

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11
Q

WBCs possessing granules

A

granulocytes

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12
Q

_____ – elevated WBC
count. Can be indicative of
dehydration, allergy or
infection

A

Leukocytosis

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13
Q

Eosinophils play a role in ____infections

A

parasitic

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14
Q

Hematopoietic stem cells are characterized by what?

A

the
capacity of self-renewal and multi-lineage
differentiation giving rise to all mature blood cells.

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15
Q

Most abundant WBC in peripheral
circulation
–60–70% of the total number of
leukocytes
–Lifespan of 6-7 hours, up to 4 days
in CT

A

Neutrophils

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16
Q

Act to eliminate opsonized bacteria or
limit the extent of an inflammatory
reaction in CT

A

neutrophils

(reason they’re the first to arrive)

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17
Q

Cell homing is described as the effective
recruitment of stem/progenitor endogenous cells
into an anatomical compartment through
____

A

chemotaxis (movement of a cell in response to a
chemical signal)

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18
Q

A mast cell is a resident cell of_____ tissue

A

connective tissue

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19
Q

– Play an important role
in phagocytosis of
bacteria & dead cells
–1st to arrive in areas of
tissue damage

A

Neutrophils

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20
Q

T/F: WBCs are True ‘cells’ with nucleus & organelles

A

True

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21
Q

Self-renewal is an important property of
____ stem cells

A

hematopoietic stem cells

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22
Q

Leukocytes first roll along the endothelium, then attach firmly, deform and
migrate through the endothelium monolayer, and penetrate into the interstitial tissue
where they finally engulf microbes by _________

A

phagocytosis

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23
Q

Hematopoietic stem cells–can self-renew and produce two committed
precursor cells:

A

the myeloid stem cell and the
lymphoid stem cell

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24
Q

WBCs attracted via chemotaxis to inflammatory sites by ______

A

cytokines (any cell
product that influences another cell)

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25
Q

T/F: granulocytes: All have single, multi-lobed nucleus & prominent cytoplasmic granules

A

true

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26
Q

T/F: Eosinophils–Parasites & Ag-Ab complexes destroyed by major basic protein
& subsequent phagocytosis

A

True

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27
Q

In response to an infection, leukocytes attach to endothelial cells through a cascade of
receptor-ligand interactions occurring near the infected area; these interactions are
caused by activated or newly exposed _____

A

adhesive receptors

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28
Q

WBCs: distinguished by _____, nuclear morphology & staining

A

size (1.5-3X larger)

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29
Q

Eosinophils: Ameliorate & counteract hypersensitivity rxn’s & effects of
_____

A

histamine

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30
Q

Leukopenia – reduced
number of circulating WBCs.
Can be due to bacterial/viral
infection, exposure to toxins,
______

A

leukemia

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31
Q

Important in hypersensitivity rxn’s—counteract effects of
basophils

A

Eosinophils

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32
Q

____ immune respone > 10
days)

A

chronic immune response

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33
Q

–always exhibit a bilobed nucleus
and abundant blue-violet granules
in the cytoplasm
–May leave circulation & resemble
a mast cell. Once thought to be
circulating equivalent of mast cells
in tissue but appear to have
different precursor cells

A

Basophils

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34
Q

Eosinophils chemotactically attracted to basophils & mast cells
via ____

A

ECF (eosinophilic chemotactic factor)

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35
Q

In response to an infection, leukocytes attach to _____ through a cascade of
receptor-ligand interactions occurring near the infected area

A

endothelial cells

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36
Q

(Neutrophils) Released during inflammatory rxn via
___

A

degranulation

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37
Q

asthma, hayfever, & some types of allergic
dermatitis are examples of what type of reaction?

A

Used in Type I (immediate) hypersensitivity rxn’s

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38
Q

(neutrophils) Enzymes contained in the primary
granules

A

elastase and
myeloperoxidase

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39
Q

Neutrophils Contain inflammatory mediators & complement
activators:

A

proteases, defensins, lactoferrin, &
lysozyme (antibacterial compounds)

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40
Q

Neutrophils: Function 1’ in phagocytosis— leads to
formation of ____ to digest bacteria

A

phagolysosome

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41
Q

–1.5 times larger than erythrocytes
–least numerous of the
granulocytes
–constitute about 0.5–1% of the
total number of leukocytes

A

Basophils

42
Q

Hematopoietic stem
cells cannot be
identified by
morphology, but
they can be
recognized by
____

A

specific cell surface
markers

43
Q

Neutrophils: Possess small 3’ granules contain ____

A

gelatinase
(breaks down collagen

44
Q

Five colony-forming units (CFUs) derive from the ___

A

myeloid
stem cell

45
Q

____ immune response ~ 1 wk-10 days

A

subacute immune response

46
Q

where does Hematopoiesis take place

A

bone marrow

47
Q

The erythroid CFU produces ___

A

red blood cells

48
Q

If hypersensitivity rxn severe => ____ (very rapid,
severe immune rxn)

A

anaphylaxis

49
Q

containing only primary granules

A

agranulocytes

50
Q

– reduced
number of circulating WBCs.

A

Leukopenia –

51
Q

In circulation 3-6 hours before leaving
tissue. Tissue lifespan 8-12 hours

A

Eosinophils

52
Q

Mast Cells: Very similar in both appearance and function to the
___, another type of white blood cell.

–Although mast
cells were once thought to be tissue-resident basophils, it
has been shown that the two cells develop from different
hematopoietic lineages

A

basophil

53
Q

(neutrophils) Enzymes contained in the secondary
granules

A

(lysozyme and other
proteases)

54
Q

Neutrophils: Attracted to bacteria & damaged tissue by
___

A

chemotactic factors

55
Q

Contain inflammatory mediators & complement
activators; proteases, defensins, lactoferrin, &
lysozyme (antibacterial compounds)

A

Neutrophils

56
Q

T/F: Basophils and eosinophils derive from the basophil and
eosinophil CFUs, respectively

A

true

57
Q

Large eosinophilic specific
granules contain hydrolytic enzymes:

A

Histaminase, Eosinophil Peroxidase (EPO) and Major Basic Protein

58
Q

—bacterial killing by
generating hydrogen peroxide & hypochlorous
acid

A

respiratory burst

59
Q

–Primary granules contain lysosomal enzymes (e.g., acid hydrolases)
–Granulocytes also possess ____

A

specific granules

60
Q

Eosinophils have surface receptors for ____

A

IgE

61
Q

Cardinal signs of
inflammation—

A

Rubor, tumor, calore, et
dolore (redness, swelling,
heat & pain)

62
Q

In response to an infection, leukocytes attach to endothelial cells through a cascade of
receptor-ligand interactions occurring near the infected area; these interactions are
caused by activated or newly exposed adhesive receptors. This process called
____

A

diapedesis

63
Q

A mast cell is a resident cell of connective tissue that
contains many granules rich in ____

A

histamine and heparin

64
Q

Neutrophils: Released during

A

inflammatory rx

65
Q

Vascular endothelium (PCV) expresses various
adhesion molecules that facilitate _____

A

adhesion of
circulating cells.

66
Q
A
67
Q

Although best known for their role in ____, mast cells play an important protective role in wound healing,
angiogenesis, immune tolerance & defense against
pathogens

A

allergy and
anaphylaxis

68
Q

—counteract effects of basophils

A

Eosinophils

69
Q

Neutrophils: 2’ granules stain __

A

either basophilic or eosinophilic,
(“neutral”)

70
Q

the myeloid stem cell and the
lymphoid stem cell, that develop into distinct
___

A

cell progenies.

71
Q

the generation of blood cells

A

Hematopoiesis

72
Q

____ preserves the pool of stem cells
and is critical for feeding common myeloid progenitor and common lymphoid progenitor into the differentiation or maturation pathway.

A

Self-renewal

73
Q

Neutrophils: Highly motile, use ____ movement

A

amoeboid movement

74
Q

mast cells play an important protective role in _____,
angiogenesis, immune tolerance & defense against
pathogens

A

wound healing

75
Q

Leukocytes may leave the bloodstream via _____ and enter the
connective tissue by the homing mechanism

A

diapedesis

76
Q

Specific granules contain:
–Hydrolytic enzymes, heparin sulfate (an anticoagulant),
Histamine (vasoactive amine => vasodilation & ↑ vascular
permeability)

A

Basophils

77
Q

Leukocytes (WBCs): Categorized as either ____or ____

A

granulocytes or agranulocytes

78
Q

Which WBC generates the Cardinal signs of
inflammation

A

Neutrophils

79
Q

Mast Cell: Specifically, it is a type of granulocyte derived from the
_____ that is a part of the immune and
neuroimmune systems

A

myeloid stem cell

80
Q

the effective
recruitment of stem/progenitor endogenous cells
into an anatomical compartment through
chemotaxis (movement of a cell in response to a
chemical signal)

A

Cell homing

81
Q

All WBC’s possess primary granules—stain ____
⚫ (= azurophilic granules)

A

blue-purple

82
Q

(neutrophils) Also specific receptors for ____
(with binding affinity to endothelial
cell ligands such as intercellular-
adhesion molecules 1 and 2 [ICAM-
1 and ICAM-2]) enable the
antibacterial and homing function of
neutrophils

A

integrins

83
Q

Have surface receptors for IgE
–Play a role in parasitic infections

A

Eosinophils

84
Q

can self-renew and produce two committed
precursor cells: the myeloid stem cell and the
lymphoid stem cell, that develop into distinct
cell progenies

A

Hematopoietic stem cells–

85
Q

Leukocytes: Help initiate immune response & defend body against _____

A

pathogens

86
Q

The granulocyte-macrophage CFU produces:

A

both
monocytes and neutrophils

87
Q

Types of granulocytes—

A

neutrophils, basophils, & eosinophils

88
Q

____ contain lysozyme & alkaline phosphatases

A

Secondary granules

89
Q

(which blood cell are these associated with) Leukotrienes
e.g., slow reacting substance of anaphylaxis (SRS) =>
smooth Mm contraction (asthma)

A

Basophils

90
Q

–Play a role in reducing the
severity of allergic reactions
–Participate in triggering bronchial
asthma

A

Eosinophils

91
Q

elevated WBC
count

A

Leukocytosis

92
Q

containing primary, and
specific or secondary cytoplasmic granules

A

granulocytes

93
Q

Neutrophils: Multilobed nucleus, also called
_____ leukocytes

A

polymorphonuclear (PMN) leukocytes

94
Q

WBCs “lacking” granules

A

agranulocytes (only primary granules)

95
Q

Primary granules contain ____

A

lysosomal enzymes (e.g., acid hydrolases)

96
Q

WBCs are attracted to sites of infection by ________ from
damaged/dead cells or invading pathogens (chemotaxis)

A

chemical signals

97
Q

—immature
neutrophils

A

“Stab” cells (=band cells)

98
Q

Basophils: Release of granule contents into ECS via ____

A

degranulation

99
Q

(neutrophils) Also specific receptors for integrins with binding affinity to endothelial
cell ligands such as intercellular-____

A

adhesion molecules 1 and 2 [ICAM-
1 and ICAM-2]

100
Q

____ expresses various
adhesion molecules that facilitate adhesion of
circulating cells.

A

Vascular endothelium (PCV)

(Post capillary venules) best place for WBC to go to leave)

101
Q

Eosinophils chemotactically attracted to ____ & _____
via ECF (eosinophilic chemotactic factor)

A

basophils & mast cells

102
Q

(neutrophils) Granules – _______colored with
both secondary (specific) and primary
granules

A

neutral or pale-

Histology Exam 2 (12 decks)

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