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Histology Exam 2 > Pt 3. Integument > Flashcards

Pt 3. Integument Flashcards

1
Q

Sensory Receptors are associated with ___

A

skin

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2
Q

Classification of sensory receptors by source of
information and ____

A

stimulus

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3
Q

3 Classifications of sensory receptor by source of information:

A

exteroceptors
proprioceptors
interoceptors

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4
Q

Source of information for: exteroceptors

A

(external environment)

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5
Q

Source of information for: proprioceptors

A

(position and movement of the body)

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6
Q

Source of information for: interoceptors

A

(internal organs)

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7
Q

Classification of sensory receptors by stimulus:

A

mechanoreceptors
thermoreceptors
nociceptors

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8
Q

Stimulus for: mechanoreceptors

A

respond to stretch, vibration, mechanical deformation

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9
Q

Stimulus for: thermoreceptors

A
  • respond to cold or heat
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10
Q

Stimulus for: nociceptors

A
  • respond to pain
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11
Q

most numerous, present in epidermis &
papillary dermis—surround most hair follicles

A

“free” N endings

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12
Q

“free” N endings lack ____ and are associated with ____

A

connective tissue capsules .. Schwann cells

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12
Q

What are merkel cells derived from?

A

Neural Crest

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12
Q

Serve multiple sensory modalities—hot/cold, touch, pain,
movement

A

Free N endings

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13
Q

What do merkel cells store?

A

serotonin

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14
Q

Pressure sensitive mechanoreceptors, associated with free
afferent N endings and ____

A

Merkel discs

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15
Q

–resemble keratinocytes
–found in stratum basale
of specialized areas of
the body such as
fingertips
–associated with the
basal lamina
–irregularly shaped
nucleus with granular
cytoplasm

A

Merkel cells

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15
Q

Look like melanocytes; located in stratum basale, contain
dense core granules, store serotonin

A

Merkel Cells

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16
Q

mechanoreceptors connected to a myelinated nerve fiber in
the ___

A

dermis

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17
Q

mechanoreceptors/ touch
receptors in dermal ridges
of papillary layer

A

Meissner’s corpuscles

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18
Q

–Especially prominent in
hands, feet, lips, genitalia
► Cylindrical structures ~ 150
m long
► Afferent N fibers associated
with minimally modified
Schwann cells

A

Meissner’s corpuscles

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19
Q

small
dermal mechanoreceptors,
especially common in soles
of feet

A

Ruffini corpuscles

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20
Q

mechanoreceptors located in
dermis & hypodermis

A

Pacinian corpuscles

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21
Q

Large, ovoid structures
(> 1 mm)
► Prominent in fingertips &
around joints—detect
mechanical & vibratory
pressure
► Consist of afferent N fibers
surrounded by highly
modified Schwann cells—
form concentric lamellae
separated by fluid-filled
spaces

A

Pacinian corpuscles

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22
Q

Hair is produced in ______
association with sebaceous
glands and a smooth muscle
bundle (arrector pili); these
can be called pilosebaceous
follicles or units

A

follicles

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23
Q

Hair shaft is covered by thin ____ of overlapping ___ plates; preventing matting

A

cuticle; keratin

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24
Q

a cortex of ____
forms the bulk of the hair

A

keratin

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25
Q

bundles of smooth Mm
cells (arrector pili M)
attach to hair follicle
sheath & insert on

A

epidermal ridges

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26
Q

piloerection

A

goosebumps

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27
Q

piloerection
Caused by ______
stimulation due to
cold/ fear/ aggression

A

sympathetic

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28
Q

in mammals, the function of
hair and fur is
thermoregulation, particularly
_____

A

heat conservation.

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29
Q

3 phases of hair growth:

A

Anagen, Catagen, Telegen (exogen=shedding)

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30
Q

Hair growth phases: a long phase of active growth

A

Anagen

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31
Q

Hair growth phases: a short phase of involution

A

catagen

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32
Q

Hair growth phases: and a short inactive involuted phase

A

telogen

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33
Q

Hair growth phases: Shedding of old hair shaft

A

exogen

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34
Q

Fine body hair in children
referred to as ____ hair

A

vellus

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35
Q

At puberty, vellus hair
replaced by coarser ____

A

terminal
hairs

36
Q

Hair forms in the ___of epidermis

A

stratum basale

37
Q

Hair forms via interaction with a hair germ cell and ______ from a dermal papilla

A

fibroblasts

38
Q

A hair follicle is an ____ of epidermis

A

ingrowth

39
Q

______ is capable of regenerating hair and sebaceous gland

A

follicular bulb

40
Q

hair follicles are associated
with ____ glands and
______muscles

A

sebaceous gland and arrector pilli muscles

41
Q

Contains natural pigment (melanin) and moisture

A

Cortex

42
Q

The hair shaft is made up of

A

medulla and cortex

43
Q

internal root
sheath is formed
by the ___

A

hair bulb

44
Q

external root
sheath is formed
by ___

A

epidermis

45
Q

Hair growth occurs here

A

hair bulb (root)

46
Q

Hair bulb lined by
actively dividing
epithelial cells
homologous to
___

A

stratum basale

47
Q

At base of bulb is a
vascular core AKA

A

dermal papilla

48
Q

finger-like
invagination of dermis
containing blood
vessels

A

dermal papilla

49
Q

As epithelial cells lining hair bulb
mature, fill with hard _____
arranged in parallel bundles

A

keratin filaments

50
Q

Melanocytes adjacent to hair follicle
produce ______, becomes
incorporated into cortex => hair color

A

melanin

51
Q

Developing hair surrounded &
protected by ___ and ____—line hair follicle

A

internal & external root
sheath

52
Q

a modified
basement membrane, separates hair
bulb from surrounding dermis

A

Glassy membrane

53
Q

aids in protection &
thermoregulation; absent on thick skin
of palms & soles

A

hair

54
Q

The matrix cells in the hair bulb multiply and differentiate into the ___ with medulla cortex and inner and outer root sheaths

A

hair follicle

55
Q

Hair follicle rooted in the ___

A

dermis

56
Q

most common form of
hair loss, affecting 30-
40% of adults—genetic
and androgen
dependent
► Affected individuals
have high levels of 5-
α-reductase, the
enzyme that converts
testosterone to
dihydroxytestosterone
=> follicular atrophy

A

Androgenic alopecia

57
Q

Alopecia: Affected individuals have high levels of _____, the enzyme that converts testosterone to dihydroxytestosterone
=> follicular atrophy

A

5α-reductase

58
Q

Cutaneous horn are made of ___

A

keratin

59
Q

Nail consists of flattened nail plate—rests on stratified squamous epithelium
of ___ (=hyponichium)

A

nail bed

60
Q

Proximal end of nail,
____, extends into
dermis, attaches to
periosteum of distal
phalanx

A

nail root

61
Q

Nail roots extends into demris and attaches to ____

A

periosteum

62
Q

Nail growth occurs by
proliferation & differentiation
of epithelium at nail root in
germinative zone of ____

A

nail matrix

63
Q

white crescent at
base of nail

A

lunula

64
Q

lunula, covered by
superficial cuticle, or
___

A

eponychium

65
Q

As epithelial cells mature, fill
with keratin & die, forming ____

A

nail plate

66
Q

As nail plate ____ it slides over
underlying nail bed epithelium

A

grows

67
Q

associated with
hair follicles or
empty directly
onto the skin

A

sebaceous glands

68
Q

Glands producing sebum-a lipid-rich oily substance

A

Sebaceous glands

69
Q

Sebaceous glands use ____ secretion

A

holocrine (entire cell breaks apart)

70
Q

One or more glands assoc with each hair follicle; develop as outgrowths of external root sheath

A

**

71
Q

Glands s ecrete oily sebum via
_____

A

pilosebaceous cana

72
Q

Used for waterproofing,
moisturizing skin & hair

A

glands

73
Q

Also found on non-haired
transitional skin—secrete
directly onto skin surface

A

glands

74
Q

Seborrhea

A

an excessive secretion of sebum

75
Q

Each hair follicle &
associated arrector pili M &
sebaceous gland =

A

pilosebaceous unit

76
Q

coiled tubular glands
◦ long duct with
cuboidal epithelium
that empties into a
sweat pore
◦ merocrine secretion

A

eccrine/merocine sweat glands

77
Q

located in specialized
areas and empty into
a hair follicle

A

Apocrine sweat glands

78
Q

Types of Glandular secretions:

A

Holocrine, Merocrine, Apocrine

79
Q

sweat glands—by
definition, secrete only
product

A

merocine (=eccrine)

80
Q

In humans, merocine glands are distributed
over most of body
surface, except ___ and ___

A

lips &
genitalia

81
Q

Merocrine glands are Unbranched, coiled, tubular glands with 1-2 layers of cuboidal to columnar epithelium with ___

A

excretory ducts

82
Q

by definition, secrete
product along with
some cytoplasm

A

Apocrine sweat glands

83
Q

Coiled, tubular glands
with large dilated
lumina

A

Apocrine Sweat glands

84
Q

Located in axillae,
groin; develop at
puberty

A

Apocrine sweat glands

85
Q

Type of epithelia in apocrine sweat glands

A

Secretory, cuboidal
epithelium, 2-3 cell
layers thick, surround
large glandular lumen

86
Q

Discharge thick, viscid secretions into hair follicle—
Contain proteins, carbohydrates, ammonia, lipids, &
organic products

A

apocrine gland

87
Q

In mammals, serves as sexual attractant, _______—
used in scent marking, territoriality

A

pheromone

88
Q

Secretion in apocrine glands is

A

adrenergic

89
Q

____ (wax) glands in external auditory meatus (ear
canal) are modified apocrine glands

A

Ceruminous

90
Q

Important in thermoregulation for evaporative cooling

A

apocrine

91
Q
A

Histology Exam 2 (12 decks)

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