Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Histology Exam 2 > Pt 1. Integument and Barriers to Infection > Flashcards

Pt 1. Integument and Barriers to Infection Flashcards

1
Q

2 components of Integumentary System:

A

► 1) skin
► 2) epidermal derivatives ( nails, hair, sweat &
sebaceous glands and mammary glands)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

3 layers of Integumentary System (skin)

A

Consists of 3 layers: epidermis (ectoderm),
dermis (mesoderm) & hypodermis
(subcutaneous layer=superficial fascia)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Skin categorized as thick and thin (what are the widths in mm?

A

(>5mm). (1-2mm).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

5 General functions of Integumentary system:

A

◦ Protection – UV light, mechanical, chemical &
thermal insult
◦ Water barrier
◦ Thermoregulation – insulation via hair & SQ fat; heat
loss facilitated by sweating & dermal capillary
network
◦ Metabolic functions- synthesis of the precursors of
Vitamin D; energy stored as fat
◦ Sensation – largest sense organ in the body,
contains receptors for touch, pressure, pain &
temperature

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Fingerprints are
produced by
____
and underlying
dermal papillae
and are
permanent

A

epidermal ridges

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is dermatoglyphics?

A

the study of ridge patterns of the skin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Tension lines, cleavage lines or Lines of Langer are due
to the arrangement of ____in the dermis

A

collagen fibers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

An incision made ____ to the cleavage lines will result in less gaping, faster healing, and less scar tissue

A

parallel

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Epidermis derived from

A

ectoderm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Epithelial barrier with the ability to regenerate

A

Epidermis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Epidermis is what kind of epithelium

A

stratified squamous keratinized epithelium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Dermis derived from

A

mesoderm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

–mechanical strength
–reservoir of defensive elements
(skin layer)

A

dermis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

connective tissue between superficial fascia and muscle

A

epimysium or periosteum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

____ of the dermis is the subcutaneous layer

A

hypodermis (superficial fascia)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

pertaining to skin

A

cutaneous

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

List the 5 layers of the epidermis of thick skin

A

Stratum Basale (germantivum)
Stratum Spinosum
Stratum Granulosum
Stratum Lucidum (thick only)
Stratum Corneum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Primary epidermal ridge of epidermis interlocks with _____
ridge

A

subjacent dermal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Epidermal ____ and rete ridges interlock with the dermal ridge

A

interpapillary peg

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Dermal papillae project upward into the _____

A

epidermal layer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

cells of epidermis

A

keratinocytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Variable thickness of epidermis

A

<1 mm to >5

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

–thick, highly keratinized layer
–restricted to valor (soles) and palmar surfaces
–lack hair (glabrous)

A

Thick Skin of epidermis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Epidermis supplied and nourished by _____

A

blood vessels in underlying (subjacent) dermis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Progressive damage to ____ fibers leads to loss of skin tone

A

elastic (aging–not good with repair)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

______ connect the dermal layers with the epidermal layer and fit into pits of epidermal layer

A

Pegs or Papillae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Basal Keratinocytes of epidermis are anchored to ____ by ____

A

Basal Lamina. Hemidesmosomes.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Dermis of thick skin has 2 layers:

A

Papillary and Reticular Layer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Tissue types of Papillary Layer in Dermis

A

Dense Irregular CT.
Type I collagen/elastic fibers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Tissue types in Reticular Layer of Dermis

A

Collagen bundles and coarse reticular fibers for support

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

____ layer of dermis is thicker and contains less cells

A

Deep reticular layer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Layer of skin containing hair follicles, sweat, and sebaceous glands

A

Dermis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

Dermis interdigitates with underlying ____

A

hypodermis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

Thick collagen bundles and elastic fibers in reticular layer form _____

A

lines of tension, Langer’s Lines

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

Acute or chronic autoimmune skin disease, involving formation of blisters (bullae) at space between epidermis and dermis

A

Bullous Pemphigoid Antigens

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

Bullae are formed by immune reaction intiated by formation of ______

A

IgG autoantibodies

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

The bullae are formed by an immune
reaction, initiated by the formation of
IgG autoantibodies targeting
cytoskeleton linker protein dystonin
(Bullous Pemphigoid Antigen1)
and/or type XVII collagen, (also called
(Bullous Pemphigoid Antigen 2),which
is a component of ______

A

hemidesmosomes

38
Q

Blood and lymphatic vessels course through the
___

A

dermis

39
Q

Blood and lymphatic vessels course through the
dermis and function in

A

thermoregulation and nutrition of the skin

40
Q

located at junction of papillary
& reticular layers

A

Subpapillary plexus

41
Q

located at junction of reticular
layer & hypodermis

A

Cutaneous plexus

42
Q

located deep within
hypodermis; largest of the three vascular plexi

A

Subcutaneous plexus

43
Q

Vascular Plexi used in thermoregulation—in fingertips & ears,
associated with AV shunts containing ____

A

glomus bodies

44
Q

glomus bodies reroute blood from ___ to ____ circulation

A

Bypass capillary bed, re-route blood from arterial
to venous circulation
–Thickened regions of smooth Mm in wall of arterioles, surrounded by connective tissue capsule.

45
Q

Components of Stratum Basale

A

Keratinocytes (cuboidal or columnar), rest on basement membrane
–hemidesmosome
–mitotic figures

46
Q

Components of Stratum Spinosum

A

Keratinocytes (flatterned polygons) with oval nucleis.
–Desmosomes
–spine-like cell processes (prickle cells)

47
Q

Components of Stratum Granulosum

A

Keratinocytes (flatterned cells, flat nuclei)
–Basophilic Keratohyaline Granules (containing Involucin)
–inc tight junctions

48
Q

Basophilic keratohyaline
granules contain a protein
_____ that interact with
cytokeratin tonofibrils to
produce that protein keratin

A

(involucin)

49
Q

Keratinization initiated by release of _____ => rupture of keratohyaline granules &
polymerization of their contents

A

lysosomal
enzymes

50
Q

What happens as keratinocytes mature?

A

Die and lose nuclei

51
Q

Cells of granular layer contain membrane-bound,
lamellar structures called ____—contain
glycolipids, provide waterproofing coat for skin
cells

A

keratinosomes

52
Q

Cells of _______ layer mature to form waterproof
layer of keratinized cells, with glycolipid coating on
surface of epidermis

A

granular

53
Q

Components of Stratum Lucidum

A

–Keratinocytes with no nuclei
–intermediate layer between granulocytes and startum corneum
–forms barrier to water
–found in thick skin

54
Q

Components of Stratum Corneum

A

Keratinocytes are flatterned, no nucleus (called squames)
–contain keratin filaments
–aids in a permeability barrier, prevents desication
–continuously exfoliated (dequamation)

55
Q

dequamation

A

continuously exfoliated

56
Q

Neuroectodermal (i.e., of
neural crest origin) dendritic
cells present in epidermis

A

Melanocytes

57
Q

Melanocytes quantity and where present

A

Small # cells, restricted to basal layer

58
Q

Responsible for production of melanin

A

melanocytes

59
Q

Melanin released from melanocytes in organelles called _____

A

melanosomes

60
Q

Melanin released from melanocytes in melanosomes and taken up by ____ cells

A

surrounding epidermal cells

61
Q

_____occurs when skin cannot produce melanin quickly enough to prev UV injury to blood vessels

A

sun burn

62
Q

Two types of melanin—

A

◦ eumelanin
◦ pheomelanin

63
Q

eumelanin

A

dk brown, black pigment)—
present in dark haired individuals

64
Q

pheomelanin

A

(red to yellow pigment)—
present in individuals with red or blond hair

65
Q

lighter skinned individuals produce ____
pigment or digest pigment ____

A

less or faster

66
Q

Autoimmune disease => destruction of
melanocytes => depigmentation

A

Vitiligo

67
Q

Melanin synthesis under control of pituitary
hormone _____

A

melanocyte stimulating hormone (MSH)

68
Q

To produce melanin, tyrosine precursor first oxidized to DOPA (3,4-
dihydroxyphenalalanine) by tyrosinase located in organelles called ____

A

premelanosomes

69
Q

To produce melanin,_____ precursor first oxidized to DOPA (3,4-
dihydroxyphenalalanine) by ____ located in organelles called
premelanosomes

A

tyrosine. tyrosinase.

70
Q

conversion of _____ to melanin occurs in melanosomes

A

DOPA

71
Q

Albinos lack ___, so DOPA & melanin not formed;

A

tyrosinase

72
Q

Albinos lack tyrosinase, so ____ & melanin not formed;

A

DOPA

73
Q

___ can be used as a marker, to differentiate melanocytes
from keratinocytes containing phagocytosed melanin

A

Tyrosinase

74
Q

Useful in distinguishing tumor types, e.g., melanoma vs. squamous
cell carcinoma

A

Melanin

75
Q

Functions of Melanin: DNA subject to damage by UV; melanin functions as UV shield to
protect nucleus; inhibits _____

A

mutagenesis

76
Q

___ necessary for normal neural development

A

Melanin

77
Q

MITF (microphthalemia-
associated transcription
factor)

A
  • regulates the
    differentiation of
    melanocytes
78
Q

excess MITF associated
with

A

melanoma

79
Q

Lack of MITF associated with

A

albinism type 1

80
Q

Name the cell:
phagocytic, involved
in immune responses
◦ antigen-presenting
cells
◦ monitor foreign
antigens that contact
epidermis

A

Langerhans cells
(fixed tissue M)

81
Q

Langerhans cells contain distinctive _____

A

Birbeck Granules (look like tennis rackets)

82
Q

Langerhans Cells located within

A

Stratum Spinosum

83
Q

►Involved in contact
allergic dermatitis
►Contain abundant
cytoplasmic
extentions

A

Langerhans Cells

84
Q

Langerhan cells interact with T cells in the ____

A

lymphatic System

85
Q

activated T cells then
travel back to the
epidermis through the
blood stream and release
pro-inflammatory
___ to neutralize
the antigen

A

cytokines
(cytokines amplify the immune response)

86
Q

inflammatory skin
disorder
◦ initiated by Langerhans
cells

A

Psoriasis

87
Q

What happens to the stratum corneum in psoriasis?

A

it thickens and forms plaques

88
Q

What happens to the epidermal papillae in psoriasis?

A

they elongate

89
Q

Inflam disorder resulting in excess proliferation of
epidermal keratinocytes
from stratum basale to
stratum corneum

A

Psoriasis

90
Q
A

Histology Exam 2 (12 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions