respiratory part 1 Flashcards
What is respiration?
even that leads to the exchange of O2 and C02 between the external environment and mitochondria
what is mitochondrial respiration?
Process that produces ATP by oxidation og carbs AA, fatty acid, O2 is consumed C02 produced
)2 and C02 diffusion coefficients ratio (water:air
1:10000
10000x less mobile in water than air
02 is how much less soluble in water than air?
30x
C02 has what soubility in H20 and Air
the same
What are unicellular organisms respiratory stratagies?
diffusion
larger animals use what?
Bulk flow
ventilation and circulatory cyctem
Animal that circulate the external medium through body?
sponges, cnidariansm insects
What do most aquatic invertevrates and some amphibinan use?
diffusion of gases across body surface accompanied by circulatory transport
Cutaneous respiration
skin must be thin/ moist
Fick’s law of diffusion
dQ/dt = D x A x(dC/dx)
D=diffusion coef
A=area of membrane
dc/dx = concentration gradient over distance
to maximize diffusion respiratory surfaces are typically thin with a large surface area
nondirectional ventilation
medium flows past the respiratory surface in an unpredictable pattern
tidal ventilation
medium moves in and out of chamber
most air breathers
unidirectional ventilation
medium enters the chamber at one points and exits at another
most water breathers
allows for countercurrent exchange
snails and clams ventilation strategies
cilia on gills move water across the gills unidirectionally
flow is countercurrent
cephalopods ventilation strategies
muscular contractions of the mantle propel water unidirectionally past the gills in the mantle cavity
flow is countercurrent
steps in ventilation in Elasmobranchs
Expand buccal cavity
increased volume sucks water into buccal cavity via mouth and spiracles
mouth and spiracles close
muscles around the buccal cavity contract forcing water past gills and out the gill slits
ram ventilation
blood flow is countercurrent
teleost fishes where are gills
location in the opercular cavity protected by the flaplike operculum
teleost fishes steps in ventilation
mouth open and opercular valve closed the buccal and opercular cavities expand
pressure decreases and sucks water in through mouth
mouth closes
floor of buccal cavity raises and operculum closes
pressure pushes water into opercular cavity
opercular valve opens and water leaves though opercular slit
air breathing in fish - types of respiratory structures
reinforced gills that do not collapse (mud skippers)
highly vascularied mouth or pharygeal cavity (electric eels)
highly vascuarlized stomach (armored catfish)
specialized pockets of the gut (birchirs)
lungs ( lungfish)
*ventilation is tidal
amphibians - types of respiratory structures
cutaneous respiration
simple bilobed lungs - more complex in terestrial frogs
*ventilation is tidal using buccal force pump except for Axototl which has external gills
reptiles lungs characteristics
most have two lungs - in snakes one lung is reduced or absent
can be simple sacs with honeycombed walls or highly divided chambers in more active species
more divisions create more surface area
reptiles type of ventilation
unidirectional NOT tidal
generally rely on aspiration pumps (suction) and may supplement with buccal pump
phases of respiration in reptiles
inspiration and expiration
several mechanisms change volume of the chest cavity