respiratory part 1

Question 1

What is respiration?

Answer 1

even that leads to the exchange of O2 and C02 between the external environment and mitochondria

Question 2

what is mitochondrial respiration?

Answer 2

Process that produces ATP by oxidation og carbs AA, fatty acid, O2 is consumed C02 produced

Question 3

)2 and C02 diffusion coefficients ratio (water:air

Answer 3

1:10000

10000x less mobile in water than air

Question 4

02 is how much less soluble in water than air?

Answer 4

30x

Question 5

C02 has what soubility in H20 and Air

Answer 5

the same

Question 6

What are unicellular organisms respiratory stratagies?

Answer 6

diffusion

Question 7

larger animals use what?

Answer 7

Bulk flow

ventilation and circulatory cyctem

Question 8

Animal that circulate the external medium through body?

Answer 8

sponges, cnidariansm insects

Question 9

What do most aquatic invertevrates and some amphibinan use?

Answer 9

diffusion of gases across body surface accompanied by circulatory transport

Cutaneous respiration

skin must be thin/ moist

Question 10

Fick’s law of diffusion

Answer 10

dQ/dt = D x A x(dC/dx)
D=diffusion coef
A=area of membrane
dc/dx = concentration gradient over distance

to maximize diffusion respiratory surfaces are typically thin with a large surface area

Question 11

nondirectional ventilation

Answer 11

medium flows past the respiratory surface in an unpredictable pattern

Question 12

tidal ventilation

Answer 12

medium moves in and out of chamber

most air breathers

Question 13

unidirectional ventilation

Answer 13

medium enters the chamber at one points and exits at another

most water breathers

allows for countercurrent exchange

Question 14

snails and clams ventilation strategies

Answer 14

cilia on gills move water across the gills unidirectionally

flow is countercurrent

Question 15

cephalopods ventilation strategies

Answer 15

muscular contractions of the mantle propel water unidirectionally past the gills in the mantle cavity

flow is countercurrent

Question 16

steps in ventilation in Elasmobranchs

Answer 16

Expand buccal cavity

increased volume sucks water into buccal cavity via mouth and spiracles

mouth and spiracles close

muscles around the buccal cavity contract forcing water past gills and out the gill slits

ram ventilation

blood flow is countercurrent

Question 17

teleost fishes where are gills

Answer 17

location in the opercular cavity protected by the flaplike operculum

Question 18

teleost fishes steps in ventilation

Answer 18

mouth open and opercular valve closed the buccal and opercular cavities expand

pressure decreases and sucks water in through mouth

mouth closes

floor of buccal cavity raises and operculum closes

pressure pushes water into opercular cavity

opercular valve opens and water leaves though opercular slit

Question 19

air breathing in fish - types of respiratory structures

Answer 19

reinforced gills that do not collapse (mud skippers)

highly vascularied mouth or pharygeal cavity (electric eels)

highly vascuarlized stomach (armored catfish)

specialized pockets of the gut (birchirs)

lungs ( lungfish)

*ventilation is tidal

Question 20

amphibians - types of respiratory structures

Answer 20

cutaneous respiration

simple bilobed lungs - more complex in terestrial frogs

*ventilation is tidal using buccal force pump except for Axototl which has external gills

Question 21

reptiles lungs characteristics

Answer 21

most have two lungs - in snakes one lung is reduced or absent

can be simple sacs with honeycombed walls or highly divided chambers in more active species

more divisions create more surface area

Question 22

reptiles type of ventilation

Answer 22

unidirectional NOT tidal

generally rely on aspiration pumps (suction) and may supplement with buccal pump

Question 23

phases of respiration in reptiles

Answer 23

inspiration and expiration

several mechanisms change volume of the chest cavity