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BIO 365 > Ion and water balance 3 > Flashcards

Ion and water balance 3 Flashcards

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1
Q

Transport in Tubule regions

differences in transport and permeability is due to what?

A

differences in epithelium along the tubule

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2
Q

Transport in the proximal tubule

most reabsorption of solutes and water takes place in proximal tubule; solutes reabsorbed by Na cotransport what>

A

glucose, lactate , aa, water soluble vitamins, phosphates

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3
Q

Transport in the proximal tubule

water follows reabsorption beacuse of what?

A

osmosis

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4
Q

Transport in the proximal tubule

proximal tuble also carries out what?

A

secretion

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5
Q

Transport in the proximal tubule

What are the organic Anions?

A

cAMP, cGMP, oxalate, short chain FA, Urate, Alpha-ketoglurate

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6
Q

Transport in the proximal tubule

what are the organic cations?

A

epinephrine, ACh, choline, dopamine, histamine, serotonin,

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7
Q

Proximal tubule also secretes what?

A

drugs and toxins

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8
Q

Ion and water transport in the Loop of Henle

Characteristics of the Desending limb?

A

permeable to water

water is reabsorbed

volume of primary urine decreases

primary urine becomes more concentrated

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9
Q

Ion and water transport in the Loop of Henle

Characteristics of the Ascending limb?

A

impermeable to water

ions are reabsorbed

primary urine becomes dilute

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10
Q

Ion and water transport in the Loop of Henle

reabsorbed ions accumulate where?

A

interstitial fluid

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11
Q

Ion and water transport in the Loop of Henle

in the reabsorption of ions the osmotic gradient is created by what?

A

the medulla

which creates osmotic gradient for reabsorption of water

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12
Q

Transport in the distal tubule

what can the distal tubule reabsorb?

A

salts and water

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13
Q

Transport in the distal tubule

what can the distal tubule secrete?

A

potassium

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14
Q

Transport in the distal tubule

Transport function of distal tubule is affected by what?

A

hormones

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15
Q

Transport in the distal tubule

parathormone does what?

A

increases Ca reabsorption

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16
Q

Transport in the distal tubule

Aldosterone does what?

A

increases K secretion and Na reabsorption

17
Q

Transport in the distal tubule

Vasopressin does what?

A

increase water reabsorption

18
Q

Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR)

GFR is determined by what?

A

the pressure across glomerular wall

19
Q

Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR)

what are the three main forces on the GFR?

A

Glomerular capillary hydrostatic pressure

Bowmans capsule hydrostatic pressure

Oncotic pressure-osmotic pressure due to protein concentration in blood

20
Q

Intrinsic regulators of GFR

what are the three pathways?

A

Myogenic regulation

tubuloglomerular feedback

mesangial control

21
Q

Intrinsic regulators of GFR

myogenic regulation function?

A

constriction/dilation of affected arteriole

22
Q

Intrinsic regulators of GFR

Tubuloglomerular feedback pathway function?

A

Juxtaglomerular apparatus

macula densa cels in distal tubule

juxtaglomerular cells beside the afferent arteriole

macula densa cells of distal tubule control diamerer of afferent arteriole

23
Q

Intrinsic regulators of GFR

mesangial control pathway function

A

increase/decrease flow into glomerulus stretches/constricts capillaries, messangial cells also increase permeability of filter

24
Q

Regulation of Urinary function

Hormones affect what?

A

kidney function

25
Q

Regulation of Urinary function

What is the steroid hormones?

A

aldosterone- slow response

26
Q

Regulation of Urinary function

peptide hormones

A

Vasopressin (ADH)- rapid response

renin-angiotensin- rapid and slow response

27
Q

Vasopressin

Also called what?

A

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

28
Q

Vasopressin

is what type of hormone?

A

peptide hormone

29
Q

Vasopressin

is produced
and released by what/where?

A

in hypothalamus and released by posterior pituitary

30
Q

Vasopressin

increase what?

A

increases water reabsorption from the collecting ducts and distal tubles by increasing number of Aquaporins

31
Q

Vasopressin

Normally collecting ducts do not reabsorb what?

A

water

32
Q

Vasopressin release is stimulated by what?

A

increase plasma osmolarity detected by osmorecetors in the hypothalamus

33
Q

Vasopressin

release of this is inhibited by what?

A

increase blood pressure detected by strech receptors in atria and baroreceptors in carotid and aortic bodies

34
Q

Aldosterone

what is it and what does it control?

A

it is a mineralcorticoid which controls ion excretion

35
Q

Aldosterone

produced where?

A

adrenal cortex in tetrapods

36
Q

Aldosterone

what is this stimulated by? (5)

A

angiotensin 2

high K

ACTH

decreased blood pressure sensed by stretch receptors in atria

BIO 365 (28 decks)

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