digestion 3 Flashcards
Villi of the intestine:
Mucosal cells
what are Enterocytes
absorptive cells with microvilli
Villi of the intestine:
Mucosal cells
What are Goblet cells
Secretes mucus
Villi of the intestine:
Mucosal cells
what are enteroedocrine cells?
secretes hormones
Villi of the intestine:
Mucosal cells
what are paneth cells?
secretes antimicrobial molecules
Villi of the intestine:
Mucosal cells
crypt of lieberluhn?
secretes sucrase maltase lactase peptidase
Homeostasis of energy stores
body mass is governed by what?
energy balance
Homeostasis of energy stores
energy balance equal what?
food intake - energy expenditure
Homeostasis of energy stores
obesity occurs when?
food intake»_space; energy expenditure
What controls the satiety and hunger?
they hypothalamus
hunger, appetite or the desire to feed and satiety is regulated by what?
CNS, which receives info from adipose tissue and the gut on its energy reserves.
What regulates short term energy stores?
onset or termination of individual meals
Gherlin, PYY, cholecystokinin (CCK), Vagus nerve
What regulates the long term status of the bodies energy stores?
Leptin
Control of appetite
How is appetite controlled
hormones bind to receptors in the hypothalamus (arcuate nucleus)
Control of appetite
leptin does what?
secreted by white adipose tissue when lipid content is high
suppressesses appetite
Control of appetite
Ghrelin does what?
secreted by stomach when empty
stimulates appetite
Control of appetite
Peptide YY does what?
secreted by colon when full
suppresses appetite
Control of appetite
cholecystokinin does what?
secreted by duodenum
appetite suppressant
Control of appetite
The hypothalamic neurons release NT’s in response to what?
hormones from the gut or adipose tissue
Control of appetite
Activity of what stimulates appetite?
activity of neuropeptide Y (NPY) neurons stimulates appetite
Control of appetite
activity of what inhibits appetite
activity of Pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC) neurons nhibit appetite
Starvation response
what happens to ensure long term survival?
reorganization of metabolism occurs
Starvation response
5 changes in metabolism
conserve glucose to protect glucose-dependent tissues, for example nervous tissue
muscles shift to lipid metabolism
after lipid and glucose stores are depleted proteins breakdown accelerates
AA are converted to fatty acids and carbohydrates
structural degradation occurs because there is no protein stores in the body (degradation of skeletal muscles)
