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BIO 365 > digestion 3 > Flashcards

digestion 3 Flashcards

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1
Q

Villi of the intestine:

Mucosal cells

what are Enterocytes

A

absorptive cells with microvilli

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2
Q

Villi of the intestine:

Mucosal cells

What are Goblet cells

A

Secretes mucus

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3
Q

Villi of the intestine:

Mucosal cells

what are enteroedocrine cells?

A

secretes hormones

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4
Q

Villi of the intestine:

Mucosal cells

what are paneth cells?

A

secretes antimicrobial molecules

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5
Q

Villi of the intestine:

Mucosal cells

crypt of lieberluhn?

A

secretes sucrase maltase lactase peptidase

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6
Q

Homeostasis of energy stores

body mass is governed by what?

A

energy balance

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7
Q

Homeostasis of energy stores

energy balance equal what?

A

food intake - energy expenditure

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8
Q

Homeostasis of energy stores

obesity occurs when?

A

food intake&raquo_space; energy expenditure

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9
Q

What controls the satiety and hunger?

A

they hypothalamus

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10
Q

hunger, appetite or the desire to feed and satiety is regulated by what?

A

CNS, which receives info from adipose tissue and the gut on its energy reserves.

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11
Q

What regulates short term energy stores?

A

onset or termination of individual meals

Gherlin, PYY, cholecystokinin (CCK), Vagus nerve

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12
Q

What regulates the long term status of the bodies energy stores?

A

Leptin

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13
Q

Control of appetite

How is appetite controlled

A

hormones bind to receptors in the hypothalamus (arcuate nucleus)

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14
Q

Control of appetite

leptin does what?

A

secreted by white adipose tissue when lipid content is high

suppressesses appetite

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15
Q

Control of appetite

Ghrelin does what?

A

secreted by stomach when empty

stimulates appetite

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16
Q

Control of appetite

Peptide YY does what?

A

secreted by colon when full

suppresses appetite

17
Q

Control of appetite

cholecystokinin does what?

A

secreted by duodenum

appetite suppressant

18
Q

Control of appetite

The hypothalamic neurons release NT’s in response to what?

A

hormones from the gut or adipose tissue

19
Q

Control of appetite

Activity of what stimulates appetite?

A

activity of neuropeptide Y (NPY) neurons stimulates appetite

20
Q

Control of appetite

activity of what inhibits appetite

A

activity of Pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC) neurons nhibit appetite

21
Q

Starvation response

what happens to ensure long term survival?

A

reorganization of metabolism occurs

22
Q

Starvation response

5 changes in metabolism

A

conserve glucose to protect glucose-dependent tissues, for example nervous tissue

muscles shift to lipid metabolism

after lipid and glucose stores are depleted proteins breakdown accelerates

AA are converted to fatty acids and carbohydrates

structural degradation occurs because there is no protein stores in the body (degradation of skeletal muscles)

BIO 365 (28 decks)

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