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BIO 365 > neuron function part 1 > Flashcards

neuron function part 1 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What does the CNS consist of?

A

Brain and spinal cord

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2
Q

What does the CNS contain?

A

neurons and glia

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3
Q

Approx amount of nerons and synapses in brain

A

10^11 neurons

10^14-10^15 synapses

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4
Q

What are the four functional zones?

A

Signal reception
signal integration
signal conduction
signal transmission occurs at the synapse

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5
Q

What is signal reception?

where and how

A

dendrites and the cell body (soma)

incoming signal received and converted to change in membrane potential

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6
Q

Signal integration:

where and how

A

Axon hillock- signal is converted to an action potential

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7
Q

signal conduction

where and how

A

axon (some with myelin)

AP travels down axon

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8
Q

Signal transmission occurs where?

A

Occurs at synapse

axon terminals

release of NT

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9
Q

all neurons have what?

A

A resting membrane potential that is negative

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10
Q

What is depolarization

A

membrane become more positive

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11
Q

What is repolarization

A

membrane returns to resting value

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12
Q

what is hyperpolarization?

A

membrane becomes more negative than resting

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13
Q

What is membrane potential determined by?

A

by relative permeabilities of its membrane to specific ions

transmembrane concentration gradients of these ions

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14
Q

Resting membrane potential counteracts what?

A

the chemical gradient of ions so there is no net movement of ions across membrane

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15
Q

leak channels are what?

A

Always open allowing a specific ion to travel though

non gated and selective

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16
Q

when you have equal concentrations of ions across the cell what with the resting potential be?

A

0

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17
Q

For every ATP hydorlized how many Na and K exchanged

A

3Na+ ions are transported out

2K+ ions are imported into the cell

18
Q

What does electrogenic do?

A

produces a current

19
Q

what is the resting potential created by?

A

leak channels

20
Q

What maintains the concentration gradients of na K?

A

Na/K ATPase

21
Q

Ion gated channels:

How do neurons depolarize of hyperpolarize?

A

By selectively altering permeability

22
Q

When do gated ion channels open or close?

A

in response to a stimulus ex. voltage or NT

23
Q

Channels only allow what to pass though?

A

Specific ions to pass though the membrane

ions move down electrochemical gradient

24
Q

As permeability to a specific ion increase what happens?

A

membrane potential will approch that ion’s equilibrium potential (Nerst equation)

25
Q

Conductance approximates what?

A

permeability and its the reciprical of resistance

26
Q

equation for conductance?

A

g=1/R

R= resistance

27
Q

what is the electrochemical driving force?

A

how far a membrane potential is from equilibrium

28
Q

What are examples of votage gated channels?

A

na, k, ca

29
Q

Examples of ligand gated ion channels?

A

Glutamate receptors- NMDA,AMPA,Kainate

GABA

Nicotinic acetylcholine

30
Q

what is Ohm’s law?

A

V=IxR

31
Q

what is capacitance?

A

Ability to store charge (Q) when a voltage difference in V occurs between two surfaces

32
Q

what determines if there is current flow

A

electrochemical driving force (how far membrane is from equilibrium

33
Q

what are the three features of a capacitor?

A

material properties

area of two conducting surfaces
- larger area more capacitance
thickness of insulating layer
- greater thickness- decrease capacitance

34
Q

cells have a capacitance of

A

1 micro f per cm squared

35
Q

larger cells have what in terms of capacitance?

A

larger capacitance

can store more charge

36
Q

what are the variabilities affecting the time constant?

A

resistance and capacitance

37
Q

lower c and r results in what?

A

lower t

capacitor becomes full faster

faster depolarization

faster conduction

38
Q

change in membrane potential decreases over distance due to what>

A

resistance

39
Q

what is the time constant?

A

Time over which membrane potential will decay to 37

% of its max

40
Q

variables effect time constant?

A

resistance

capacitance

BIO 365 (28 decks)

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