Respiratory Histology

Question 1

what is the structure of olfactory epithelium?

Answer 1

pseudostratified columnar

Question 2

define olfactory cells

Answer 2

these are bipolar nerve cells that conduct the sense of smell and have unique cilia

Question 3

what are the glands in the nasal cavity and what is the function?

Answer 3

bowmans glands…secrete mucus that odors can dissolve in and be sensed by the olfactory cells cilia

Question 4

does the trachea have smooth muscle? if so what is its name?

Answer 4

yes called the trachealis muscle

Question 5

what are the two main cells found in the trachea and primary bronchus

Answer 5

goblet and ciliated epithelial cells

Question 6

what do goblet cells secrete in the trachea and why?

Answer 6

mucunogen…to trap foreign particles

Question 7

what four things do the walls of the secondary and tertiary bronchi contain

Answer 7

seromucous glands
cartilage
smooth muscle
respiratory epithelium

Question 8

what do primary bronchioles consist of?

Answer 8

only epithelium and smooth muscle cells

Question 9

in primary bronchioles, what is the epithelium type?

Answer 9

ciliated cuboidal cells with club cells

Question 10

what do terminal bronchioles consist of?

Answer 10

smooth muscle and club cells with cuboidal epithelium

Question 11

name the three functions and three locations of club cells

Answer 11

primary, tertiary and respiratory bronhioles

divide like stem cells
secrete glycosaminoglycans
break down toxins with cytochrome p450

Question 12

what is the epithelium in respiratory bronchioles

Answer 12

simple cuboidal with mostly club cells and some ciliated cells

Question 13

what is the importance of the pores of Kohn in alveoli?

Answer 13

they equalize the pressure between different alveoli

Question 14

what percent of alveolar surface is lined by type I pneumocytes?

Answer 14

95 percent

Question 15

what is the main role of type 1 pneumocytes?

Answer 15

form the blood gas barrier for gas exchange

Question 16

where are type II pneumocytes found?

Answer 16

at septal intersections where a lot of alveoli meet

Question 17

can type 1 or 2 pneumocytes divide?

Answer 17

type II..they can become type I too

Question 18

do type I or II pneumocytes have microvilli?

Answer 18

type II

Question 19

what is the main function of type II pneumocytes?

Answer 19

secrete surfactant

Question 20

what do mast cells in mucosal lining of respiratory tract secrete?

Answer 20

chondroitin sulfate

Question 21

what are lamellar bodies?

Answer 21

these are within type II pneumocytes and store surfactant