Extracellular Bacteria Flashcards
is haemophilus influenza gram neg or pos?
neg
is bordetella pertussis gram neg or pos?
neg
is strep pneumo gram neg or pos?
pos
is mycoplasma pneumo gram neg or pos?
unusual…no gram stain because no cell wall
how are all four of the extracellular bacteria transmitted?
person to person
what are the two subsets of haemophilus?
encapsulated and non encapsulated
what are the types of haemophilus that is encapsulated/
types a-f
three common infections other than pneumonia that haemophilus influenza can cause? which is most common?
meningitis
otitis media most common
epiglottitis
what type of vaccine is haemophilus?
conjugate
which strand of haemophilus influenza usually causes meningitis and epiglottitis?
type B
name the three virulence factors for haemophilus, which is the main one?
pili
LPS
Capsule…polyribosyl phosphate
what ages are affected by haemophilus? why?
age 6 mos to 3 yrs
because antibody driven and lsoe mothers and dont make the antibodies against the PRP capsule until about 3 yrs old
what is the haemophilus type B polysaccharide conjugated with in vaccine?
tetanus toxoid
what disease does bordatella pertussis cause?
whooping cough
what is the habitat of bordatella pertussis? does it have another habitat?
human respiratory tract…no it does not
what is the name of the old pertussis vaccine and name of the new one?
DTP old
dtap and tdap (booster) are new
what type of vaccine was the DTP for pertussis?
a whole cell vaccine…meaning organism is inactivated but intact
what type of vaccine is the newer Dtap and tdap for pertussis?
acellular vaccine..meaning it has individual antigens
name the three phases of infection with pertussis
catarrhal
paroxysmal
convalescent
when is the catarrhal stage of pertussis infection? what is it like?
first seven days…
mild cold like symptoms
when is the paroxysmal stage of pertussis infection? what is it like?
1-4 weeks
coughing episodes followed by inspiratory gasp (whoop)
when is the convalescent stage of pertussis infection? what is it like?
several weeks after paroxysmal stage….slow improvement
which stage of pertussis infection is pneumonia a risk?
paroxysmal phase
what three molecules does pertussis use to attach in human?
fimbriae or pili
pertractin
filamentous hemagluttinin
what is tracheal cytotoxin that pertussis secretes?
this is part of the old cell wall…it serves a toxin
what does tracheal cytotoxin do to host?
it kills the cilia in the respiratory tract
what two toxins that pertussis secretes play a role in limiting the immune response of the host?
pertussis toxin
adenylate cyclase toxin
name the 7 pertussis virulence factors
pertussis toxin adenylate cyclase toxin LOS fimbriae tracheal cytotoxin filamentous hemagluttinin pertactin
what does the pertussis vaccine…like dtap and tdap fail to protect against?
colonization
what is the leading bug cause of community acquire pneumonia?
strep pneumo
what other three respiratory infections are often associated with strep pneumo?
otitis media, bronchitis, sinusitis
what type of pneumonia does strep pneumo cause? how long does it last?
lobar pneumonia lasting about 1-3 days
what is strep pneumos main virulence factor?
capsule proteins
what makes vaccines against strep pneumo so hard?
there are like 80 different capsular proteins
what drugs to treat strep pneumo with?
cephalosporin and often vancomycin
what are the two vaccines for strep pneumo? what age for each? what type?
prevnar 13…infant…conjugated
pneumovax 23…65 older…polysaccharide
mycoplasma pneumoniae is spread how?
person to person via respiratory droplets
does mycoplasma pneumoniae have a cell wall?
No…no gram stain used
what must mycoplasma pneumoniae do to be pathogenic and survive in a host?
they must attach to epithelial cells
does mycoplasma pneumoniae have a short or long incubation? what is the duration?
long…2 weeks
how do symptoms progress in mycoplasma pneumoniae?
they start as sore throat and become a progressively worsening cough
