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Respiratory Week 1 > Extracellular Bacteria > Flashcards

Extracellular Bacteria Flashcards

1
Q

is haemophilus influenza gram neg or pos?

A

neg

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2
Q

is bordetella pertussis gram neg or pos?

A

neg

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3
Q

is strep pneumo gram neg or pos?

A

pos

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4
Q

is mycoplasma pneumo gram neg or pos?

A

unusual…no gram stain because no cell wall

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5
Q

how are all four of the extracellular bacteria transmitted?

A

person to person

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6
Q

what are the two subsets of haemophilus?

A

encapsulated and non encapsulated

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7
Q

what are the types of haemophilus that is encapsulated/

A

types a-f

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8
Q

three common infections other than pneumonia that haemophilus influenza can cause? which is most common?

A

meningitis
otitis media most common
epiglottitis

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9
Q

what type of vaccine is haemophilus?

A

conjugate

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10
Q

which strand of haemophilus influenza usually causes meningitis and epiglottitis?

A

type B

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11
Q

name the three virulence factors for haemophilus, which is the main one?

A

pili
LPS
Capsule…polyribosyl phosphate

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12
Q

what ages are affected by haemophilus? why?

A

age 6 mos to 3 yrs

because antibody driven and lsoe mothers and dont make the antibodies against the PRP capsule until about 3 yrs old

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13
Q

what is the haemophilus type B polysaccharide conjugated with in vaccine?

A

tetanus toxoid

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14
Q

what disease does bordatella pertussis cause?

A

whooping cough

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15
Q

what is the habitat of bordatella pertussis? does it have another habitat?

A

human respiratory tract…no it does not

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16
Q

what is the name of the old pertussis vaccine and name of the new one?

A

DTP old

dtap and tdap (booster) are new

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17
Q

what type of vaccine was the DTP for pertussis?

A

a whole cell vaccine…meaning organism is inactivated but intact

18
Q

what type of vaccine is the newer Dtap and tdap for pertussis?

A

acellular vaccine..meaning it has individual antigens

19
Q

name the three phases of infection with pertussis

A

catarrhal
paroxysmal
convalescent

20
Q

when is the catarrhal stage of pertussis infection? what is it like?

A

first seven days…

mild cold like symptoms

21
Q

when is the paroxysmal stage of pertussis infection? what is it like?

A

1-4 weeks

coughing episodes followed by inspiratory gasp (whoop)

22
Q

when is the convalescent stage of pertussis infection? what is it like?

A

several weeks after paroxysmal stage….slow improvement

23
Q

which stage of pertussis infection is pneumonia a risk?

A

paroxysmal phase

24
Q

what three molecules does pertussis use to attach in human?

A

fimbriae or pili
pertractin
filamentous hemagluttinin

25
Q

what is tracheal cytotoxin that pertussis secretes?

A

this is part of the old cell wall…it serves a toxin

26
Q

what does tracheal cytotoxin do to host?

A

it kills the cilia in the respiratory tract

27
Q

what two toxins that pertussis secretes play a role in limiting the immune response of the host?

A

pertussis toxin

adenylate cyclase toxin

28
Q

name the 7 pertussis virulence factors

A 
pertussis toxin
adenylate cyclase toxin
LOS
fimbriae
tracheal cytotoxin
filamentous hemagluttinin 
pertactin
29
Q

what does the pertussis vaccine…like dtap and tdap fail to protect against?

A

colonization

30
Q

what is the leading bug cause of community acquire pneumonia?

A

strep pneumo

31
Q

what other three respiratory infections are often associated with strep pneumo?

A

otitis media, bronchitis, sinusitis

32
Q

what type of pneumonia does strep pneumo cause? how long does it last?

A

lobar pneumonia lasting about 1-3 days

33
Q

what is strep pneumos main virulence factor?

A

capsule proteins

34
Q

what makes vaccines against strep pneumo so hard?

A

there are like 80 different capsular proteins

35
Q

what drugs to treat strep pneumo with?

A

cephalosporin and often vancomycin

36
Q

what are the two vaccines for strep pneumo? what age for each? what type?

A

prevnar 13…infant…conjugated

pneumovax 23…65 older…polysaccharide

37
Q

mycoplasma pneumoniae is spread how?

A

person to person via respiratory droplets

38
Q

does mycoplasma pneumoniae have a cell wall?

A

No…no gram stain used

39
Q

what must mycoplasma pneumoniae do to be pathogenic and survive in a host?

A

they must attach to epithelial cells

40
Q

does mycoplasma pneumoniae have a short or long incubation? what is the duration?

A

long…2 weeks

41
Q

how do symptoms progress in mycoplasma pneumoniae?

A

they start as sore throat and become a progressively worsening cough

Respiratory Week 1 (18 decks)

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