Pharynx Anatomy Flashcards
name the two folds that outline the palatine tonsil
palatoglossal and palatopharyngeal
what is the name of the space between the tongue and epiglottis
valleculae
name the four different tonsils
tubal
pharyngeal or adenoid
palatine
lingual
what is the common name for the four tonsils together
Waldeyers ring
where is the tubal tonsil found
at the opening of the eustachian tube in the nasopharynx
what nerve branch lies under the palatine tonsils and is susceptible to injury during a tonsilectomy?
lingual branch of the glossopharyngeal nerve
what is the role of the circular muscles?
propel food from oropharynx to laryngopharynx
name the three circular muscles
superior
middle
inferior
what is the role of the longitudinal muscles
elevate the pharynx when you swallow
name the three longitudinal muscles of the pharynx
stylopharyngeus
salpingopharyngeus
palatopharyngues
which nerve innervates the salpingopharyngeus and
palatopharyngues
vagus nerve
which nerve innervates the stylopharyngeus
glosspharyngeal
what sensory nerve innervates the nasopharynx
maxillary division of trigeminal
what sensory nerve innervates the oropharynx
glosspharyngeal
what sensory nerve innervates the laryngopharynx
vagus nerve
what are the two lymph nodal tracts of the head and neck
superficial nodes…deep nodes
where do the deep cervical nodes run?
along the Internal jugular vein
what are the two divisions of the deep cervical nodes?
superior and inferior
where do the cervical nodes eventually drain?
into the venous system at the venous angle
what are the four cartilages of the laryngeal skeleton
thyroid
cricoid
arytenoid
epiglottis
what is the membrane that travels between the thyroid and the hyoid?
thyrohyoid membrane
what is the membrane between the thyroid and cricoid cartilage
cricothyroid membrane
what travels between the arytenoid and thyroid cartilages
the vocal ligament or true vocal cord
what is the opening between the true vocal cords
rima glottidis
what muscles of the larynx actually control the vocal cords
the intrinsic muscles of the larynx
what is the role of the cricothyroid muscle
tenses and stretches the vocal cords…making a higher pitch
what is the role of the posterior cricoarytenoid muscle
it abducts or opens the vocal cords
what nerve provides all the innervation to the vocal box
vagus nerves
what does the external branch of the superior laryngeal nerves innervate
cricothyroid muscle
what does the internal branch of the superior laryngeal nerve innervate
pierces the thyrohyoid membrane and innervated the mucosa within the larynx above the vocal box
why is the mucosa that is superior to the vocal box really important?
can sense if something is there and leads to coughing…avoid aspiration
what do the recurrent laryngeals innervate
sensory of mucus membranes in the vocal box and inferior to it
motor to all the rest of the intrinsic muscles of the larynx
what is the space around the larynx called that is lined with mucosa and is a common spot for food to get stuck in?
piriform recess
what is the posterior extension of the pretracheal fascial layer in the neck called?
buccopharyngeal fascia
what lies between the buccopharyngeal fascia and the prevertebral fascia layer?
a space that is very susceptible to infection spread
the space between the prevertebral and the buccopharyngeal fascia is divided into two halves…what is the name of the tissue that divides it and what are the two halves called?
alar fascia divides it and retropharyngeal and danger spaces are the two halves
what is the vestibular fold?
this a mucos fold that is just superior to the true vocal cord and is considered the “false vocal cord”
what are the three spaces of the larynx called?
supraglottic, subglottic and ventricle
what is the supraglottic space?
the larynx space that is above the vocal cords
what is the subglottic space?
the larynx space below the vocal cords
what is the ventricle space?
the larynx space between the vocal cords
do the vestibular folds play a role in voice production?
NOT AT ALL
over which structures do the right and left recurrent laryngeal nerves recur around respectively?
right subclavian and aorta
what does the superior laryngeal nerve branch into?
an external and internal branch
what nerve is in charge of the sensory and motor innervation of the larynx?
VAGUS NERVE is in charge of it all
