Pathology of Lung Infections Flashcards
what is the main cell that drives response to bacteria in pneumonia?
neutrophils
what is the main cell that drives response to virus in pneumonia?
lymphocytes
what is the main process that drives response to mycobacteria and fungi in pneumonia?
granulomatous formation
what are the two divisions of bacterial pneumonia as seen in lungs grossly?
bronchopneumonia and lobar
how does bronchopneumonia look grossly?
patchy spots of consolidation
how does lobar pneumonia look grossly?
total consolidation of a lung lobe
what bacteria normally causes lobar pneumonia?
strep pneumo
what is the name of the lung stage that occurs prior to total consolidation in lobar pneumonia?
red hepatization
when does red hepatization occur?
in the first 3-4 days of infection with a strep pneumo usually
what causes the red hepatization?
intra alveolar accumulation of neutrophils and erythrocytes
following red hepatization in lobar pneumonia, what occurs? what days is this?
gray hepatization
5-7 days after infection
what does gray hepatization consist of?
serum and fibrinous exudate, macrophages
what are three common patient conditions that can lead to anaerobic pneumonia
anesthesia
alcoholism
seizures
what is the telling characteristic of anaerobic pneumonia? what causes this?
foul smelling sputum
this develops because anaerobic pneumonia often has necrosis of cells
what do actinomyces and nocardia form in pneumonia
abscesses
how do abscesses formed by nocardia and actinomyces appear of chest X ray?
they look like nodules
how is mycoplasma pneumonia transmitted?
through airborn droplets
where does pneumonia from mycoplasma appear in the lungs?
it is considered a tracheo-bronchitis and leads to inflammation in the wall and lumen of the bronchioles
what is the inflammatory response to mycobacterium TB?
granulomatous
in the primary infection of TB…what forms in the lung?
a node of infection and infected lympho nodes (specifically hilar/mediastinum)
what is the primary infection of TB called once it has formed the node of infection and lymph node inflammation?
Ghon complex
what type of pneumonia is the Ghon complex associated with?
TB
with secondary infection of TB…how does it look grossly?
you get lots of granulomas forming…spotty formation mainly in the upper lobes of the lungs
what is miliary TB? does this come from primary or secondary TB?
when you get granulomas in all kinds of organs…from secondary
name the four complication of secondary TB?
Miliary TB
Hemoptysis
Broncho-pleural fistula
cavity
what is the cavity from secondary TB associated with?
a future home for aspergilloma
where is histoplasma geographically present?
mississippi and ohio river valleys
where is coccidioides geographically present?
SW USA
where is blastomyces geographically present?
Ohio, Mississippi, and Missouri river valleys
what animal carries histoplasma?
birds
what animal carries cryptococcus?
pigeon
what does histoplasma lead to in pneumonia in terms of immune response?
granuloma formation
in terms of histological presentation, what other organism is histoplasma identical to?
TB…both lead to granulomas
what is a mycetoma? what organism causes these in pneumonia?
fungus ball…aspergillus
name the three pulmonary diseases aspergillosis can cause?
aspergilloma
invasive aspergillosis
allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis
what is invasive aspergillosis?
organism of aspergillus invade blood vessels and cause thrombosis, infarction
what is allergic broncho pulmonary aspergillosis
an immune reaction to aspergillus that leads to high presence of IgE, eosinophilia in blood and serum
how does PJP look histologically? what causes this?
fills alveolar spaces with organisms and proteinaceous fluid…alveoli are filled with pink frothy exudates
what organism leads to pink frothy exudates in alveoli?
PJP
what are the three Ms of herpes simplex virus pneumonia?
Multinucleation
Margination
Molding
