Respiratory Embryology Flashcards
from which layer of the three developmental layers do the lower respiratory tubes (trachea, bronchi, alveoli) develop from?
endoderm
what week of development does lung development begin?
4th week
explain the initial process that begins the development of the lungs/lower respiratory tract? from what structure do they start from?
they form from an anterior diverticulitum of the GI tract
what is the directionality of lung development?
from cranial to caudal
does the fetus make respiratory movements during development in utero?
yes…necessary for normal lung development
what is the last part of the lung to form in development? why is this critical?
alveoli…means best to have full term because more likely to have needed amounts of functional alveoli
what week in development do thick walled alveoli begin to form?
week 22
what week in development does surfactant begin to be formed?
week 24
what stops the downward development of the lungs and the heart?
the enlargement of the GI areas…specifically the liver
explain what happens in tracheoesophageal fistula
the esophagus is actually connected to the trachea
what is the most common type of information tracheoesophageal fistula
type C where there is a blind end to the esophagus and the esophagus connects to the trachea distally
what are the common symptoms of tracheoesophageal fistula
choking, cyanosis, polyhydramnios, coughing, vomit
explain what happens in congenital diaphragmatic hernia and why it affects the lungs greatly
diaphragm does not develop normally…will have openings in it…the movement of the diaphragm in the 3rd tri is important for complete lung development so you get lung issues where the lung is growing too far down
what is CPAM?
Congenital pulmonary airway malformation
explain what happens in CPAM
there is abnormal growth of lung tissue in one lung…unlikely for it to be in both lungs
