Nasal Cavity Anatomy Flashcards
what is the medial wall of the nasal cavity?
nasal septum
what forms the posterior inferior portion of the nasal septum?
vomer bone
what forms the superios portion of the nasal septum
perpendicular plate of the ethmoid bone
what forms the anterior portion of the nasal septum
septal cartilage
name the three concha of the lateral wall of the nasal cavity
superior middle and inferior concha
where does the neurovasculature travel to get into the nasal cavity?
sphenpalatine foramen
name the four bones surrounding the nasal cavity that make up the paranasal sinuses
maxillary frontal ethmoid and sphenoid sinuses
name the four sinuses
frontal
maxillary
ethmoid cell
sphenoid
where do the sinuses drain?
all drain into the nasal cavity with ciliary beating
name the four passages into the lateral wall of the nasal cavity
sphenoethmoidal recess
superior meatus
middle meatus
inferior meatus
what drains in the sphenoethmoidal recess
sphenoid sinus
what drains in the superior meatus
posterior ethmoidal sinuses
what drains in the middle meatus
frontal sinus, maxillary sinus, remaining ethmoid sinuses
what drains in the inferior meatus
nasolacrimal duct…tears…why you get runny nose when crying
why is tooth ache common with maxillary sinusitis?
roots of the molars sit right in the maxillary floor so when maxillary gets filled it puts pressure on the roots of the teeth
what is the third branch of the external carotid?
facial artery
which two branches of the external carotid feed the nasal area?
facial and maxillary artery
what is the terminal branch of the maxillary artery that feeds nasal cavity and what is the other branch of the maxillary that feeds?
the sphenopalatine artery
greater palatine artery
what is the branch of the internal carotid that feeds the orbit? what is the name of these branches?
opthalmic artery
ethmoidal arteries
what is the name of the point where all the arteries of the nasal cavity meet
Kiesselbachs plexus
name the fifth cranial nerve
trigeminal nerve
what is the main role of the trigeminal nerve
sensation of the facial regions
how many branches does the trigeminal nerve have
3
name the three trigeminal divisions
opthalmic
maxillary
mandibular
which two branches of the trigeminal innervate the nasal cavity
opthalmic and maxillary..but mainly maxillary
what are the three sources of innervation to the nasal cavity
olfactory nerve (I) trigeminal nerve (V) autonomic innervation
what are the two sources of sensory innervation in the nasal cavity
V1-from ophthalmic division of trigeminal
V2- from maxillary division of trigeminal..posterior two thirds
what is the name of the autonomic ganglion that is a big synapse point for parasympathetic innervation that lies posterior to the nasal cavity?
pterygopalatine ganglion
name the three portions of the pharynx
naso
oro
laryngo
which of the portions of the trigeminal nerve serve the anterior third of the nasal cavity?
opthalmic division or V1
which of the portions of the trigeminal nerve serve the posterior 2/3 of the nasal cavity?
maxillary division or V2
describe the route of parasympathetic transmission to the nasal cavity
the pre ganglionic nerves travel on the greater petrosal nerve, a part of the facial nerve or CN VII, and then pass through the pterygoid canal and synapse in the pterygopalatine ganglion just posteriorly to the nasal cavity. The post gang then rides along the Maxillary division of the trigeminal nerve to innervate glands in the nasal cavity
what is the greater petrosal nerve? why is it important for the nasal cavity?
it is a portion of the facial nerve and part of the parasympathetic division of nasal cavity control rides along it
where do preganglionic sympathetic nerves that are going to nasal cavity synapse?
the superior cervical ganglion
what do the post gang sympathetic nerves serving the nasal cavity travel along before reaching the nasal cavity? what do they eventually form?
internal carotid artery
the deep petrosal nerve
what is the vidian nerve? describe what it consists of?
the vidian nerve lies in the pterygoid canal and is made up of the great petrosal nerve and the deep petrosal nerve
remember the deep petrosal nerve is the sympathetic control of the nasal cavity and the greater petrosal nerve is the parasympathetic control of the nasal cavity
what is a vidian neurectomy and when do you do it?
when you snip the vidian nerve if someone has a chronic runny nose
what are the boundaries of the nasopharynx?
behind the nasal cavity and above the soft palate
what are the four important parts of the nasopharynx?
opening of eustachian tubes
pharyngeal tonsils or adenoids
torus tubarius
pharyngeal recess
what is the torus tubarius that lies within the nasopharynx?
a mucosa covered bulge that is from the end of the eustachian tube
what is the pharyngeal recess that lies within the nasopharynx?
this is a deep slit like recess that lies posteriorly in the nasopharynx
what can often occur in the pharyngeal recess?
cancerous growths
name the two muscles that open the eustachian tubes
levator veli palatini
tensor veli palatini
what are the two roles of the levator veli palatini and the tensor veli palatini?
they both help open the eustachian tubes and also lift the palate when swallowing to ensure no food goes into the nasopharynx
