Antivirals Flashcards
what is the structure of CMV?
dsDNA
what are the two antivirals used for CMV treatment?
ganciclovir and valganciclovir
what is the mechanism of ganciclovir?
it is a mimic of guanine that gets phosphorylated and ultimately binds the CMV DNA polymerase as it competed with normal GTP…if the ganciclovir is inserted into DNA chain the chain terminates
what molecule gives ganciclovir its first phosphate?
CMV kinase
what two viral molecules yield resistance to ganciclovir?
CMV kinase and CMV polymerase
what is the toxicity of ganciclovir?
myelosuppression
between valganciclovir and ganciclovir, which has higher oral bioavailability?
valganciclovir by a mile
what is the target of amantadin and rimantadine?
M2 proton pump
explain how amantadine and rimantadine works
the M2 proton pump usually causes acidification of virus so that it can uncoat…inhibiting the m2 pump leads to no acidification and dysfunctional virus
what is the mechanism of oseltamivir and zanamivir?
neuroaminidase cleaves the hemagluttinin and sialic acid complex that allows release of virus…the drugs inhibit neuraminidase and prevent viral release
what is the toxicity of zanamavir?
bronchospasm..avoid in COPD and asthma
what is the structure of ribavirin?
it is a guanine analog
what can ribavirin be used to help treat?
RSV
name the three mechanisms of ribavirin?
inhibit GTP synthesis
inhibit RNA replication
incorporation into genome…defective
what is the method of administration for ribavirin in RSV?
inhalation
