Respiratory Drugs Powerpoint

Question 1

What is the respiratory system pathway?

Answer 1

Nostrils –> nasal cavities –> pharnyx –> epiglottis –> larynx –> trachea –> bronchi –> bronchioles –> alveoli

Question 2

Where does gas exchange take place?

Answer 2

In the alveoli

Question 3

What divides the body cavity into two?

Answer 3

The diaphragm

Question 4

What are the two body cavities?

Answer 4

Abdominal cavity

Thoracic cavity

Question 5

What is in the abdominal cavity?

Answer 5

The viscera - stomach and intestines

Question 6

What is in the thoracic cavity?

Answer 6

Heart and lungs

Question 7

What happens during inspiration?

Answer 7

The external muscles cotract, lifting the ribs up and out.

The diaphragm contracts, drawing it down.

Question 8

What is asthma?

Answer 8

Severe allergic reaction, constriction of bronchioles.

Question 9

What two diseases are classified under COPD?

Answer 9

Emphysema

Bronchitis

Question 10

How is the majority of COPD patients caused?

Answer 10

Smoking

Question 11

What is emphysema?

Answer 11

Abnormal irreversible enlargement of gas exchange airways

Question 12

What is bronchitis?

Answer 12

Inflammation of the bronchi

Question 13

What are three examples of rescue medications?

Answer 13

Salbutamol
Fenoteral
Terbutaline

Question 14

What are two examples of non-rescue medications?

Answer 14

Salmeterol

Formoterol

Question 15

What are three examples of controller corticosteroids?

Answer 15

Fluticasone
Budesonide
Beclomethasone

Question 16

What are 3 examples of combination therapies?

Answer 16

Salmeterol + fluticasone - Advair

Formoterol + budesonide - Symbicort

Question 17

What are symptoms of pulmonary TB?

Answer 17

Chest pain
Coughing up blood
Productive cough

Question 18

What is the bacteria that is the cause of TB?

Answer 18

Mycobacterium tuberculosis

Question 19

What are two commonly used antibiotics for TB?

Answer 19

rifampicin

isoniazid

Question 20

How long does treatment for TB usually take?

Answer 20

6-12 months

Question 21

What is the main therapy for CF?

Answer 21

Percussion - banging on the chest to loosen mucous.

Question 22

What are the two commonly used medications for CF?

Answer 22

Acetlycyteine and dornse alfa

Question 23

What is the other name for dornase alfa?

Answer 23

Pulmozyme

Question 24

How does dornase alfa work?

Answer 24

Breaks down DNA that is released by degenerating WBC.

Question 25

In what age group does RDS happen?

Answer 25

newborns - in the first few hours of life.

Question 26

What are the characteristics of RDS?

Answer 26

Acute asphxia hypoxia acidosis

Question 27

What are two causative factors of RDS?

Answer 27

Prematurity and maternal diabetes

Question 28

What is RDS in adults called?

Answer 28

Acute RDS (ARDS)

Question 29

What is asthma?

Answer 29

A reversible lung disease with attacks in which inspiration is obstructived, provoked by allergens.

Question 30

What is bronchitis?

Answer 30

A condition where the inner lining of the bronchial airways become inflamed, causing expiration to be obstructed.

Question 31

What is emphsema?

Answer 31

Irreversible lung disease, destruction of alveoli.

Question 32

What is phenumonia?

Answer 32

Common lung infection caused by microorganisms.

Question 33

What is a bronchodilator?

Answer 33

An agent that relaxes smooth muscle cells of the bronchioles, increasing airway diameter.

Question 34

What is a corticosteroid?

Answer 34

A class of drugs that stimulates an enzyme as an anti-inflammatory agent to suppress the immune response

Question 35

What is a nebulizer?

Answer 35

Uses air flowing past the liquid to create a mist.

Question 36

What is a peak flow meter?

Answer 36

used twice a day in asthma patients

Question 37

What is PEFR?

Answer 37

Peak Expiratory Flow Rate

Question 38

What is a spacer?

Answer 38

Used with a MDI to decrease amount of spray deposited into the back of the throat.

Question 39

What does MDI stand for?

Answer 39

Metered dose inhaler

Question 40

What is an antitussive?

Answer 40

Agents that suppress coughing

Question 41

What is the gold standard of antitussives?

Answer 41

Codeine

Question 42

What is a common antitussive used?

Answer 42

Dextromethorphan

Question 43

What is an expectorant?

Answer 43

Enables the patient to rid the lungs and airways of mucus when coughing.

Question 44

What is the most commonly used OTC expectorant?

Answer 44

guaifenesin

Question 45

What does guaifenesin do?

Answer 45

Loosens phlegm to make coughs productive and rid the respiratory tract of mucous.

Question 46

What are some common side effects of guaifenesin?

Answer 46

Vomiting, nausea, GI upset and drowsiness

Question 47

What is a decongestant?

Answer 47

Stimulates the constriction of the engorged mucus membranes, which promotes drainage, and relieves feeling of stuffiness.

Question 48

Decongestants should not be used if you are taking medications for what conditions?

Answer 48

Diabetes Heart disease Hypertension Hyperthyroidism

Question 49

What are some common side effects of decongestants?

Answer 49

``` Anxiety Inability to sleep Dizziness Headache Increased heart rate Tremor Dry mouth ```

Question 50

What is the most used decongestant?

Answer 50

Pseudoephedrine

Question 51

What two drugs block histamine receptors?

Answer 51

Antihistamines | H2 blockers

Question 52

Where are H1 receptors found?

Answer 52

The upper respiratory system

Question 53

Where are H2 receptors found?

Answer 53

GI tract

Question 54

What are some uses of antihistamines?

Answer 54

Treat allergies, insomnia, relief of hay fever, control of cough.

Question 55

What are some side effects of antihistamines?

Answer 55

``` Sedation Dry mouth Hyperactivity in children Constipation Blurred vision ```