Respiratory Drugs Powerpoint Flashcards
What is the respiratory system pathway?
Nostrils –> nasal cavities –> pharnyx –> epiglottis –> larynx –> trachea –> bronchi –> bronchioles –> alveoli
Where does gas exchange take place?
In the alveoli
What divides the body cavity into two?
The diaphragm
What are the two body cavities?
Abdominal cavity
Thoracic cavity
What is in the abdominal cavity?
The viscera - stomach and intestines
What is in the thoracic cavity?
Heart and lungs
What happens during inspiration?
The external muscles cotract, lifting the ribs up and out.
The diaphragm contracts, drawing it down.
What is asthma?
Severe allergic reaction, constriction of bronchioles.
What two diseases are classified under COPD?
Emphysema
Bronchitis
How is the majority of COPD patients caused?
Smoking
What is emphysema?
Abnormal irreversible enlargement of gas exchange airways
What is bronchitis?
Inflammation of the bronchi
What are three examples of rescue medications?
Salbutamol
Fenoteral
Terbutaline
What are two examples of non-rescue medications?
Salmeterol
Formoterol
What are three examples of controller corticosteroids?
Fluticasone
Budesonide
Beclomethasone
What are 3 examples of combination therapies?
Salmeterol + fluticasone - Advair
Formoterol + budesonide - Symbicort
What are symptoms of pulmonary TB?
Chest pain
Coughing up blood
Productive cough
What is the bacteria that is the cause of TB?
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
What are two commonly used antibiotics for TB?
rifampicin
isoniazid
How long does treatment for TB usually take?
6-12 months
What is the main therapy for CF?
Percussion - banging on the chest to loosen mucous.
What are the two commonly used medications for CF?
Acetlycyteine and dornse alfa
What is the other name for dornase alfa?
Pulmozyme
How does dornase alfa work?
Breaks down DNA that is released by degenerating WBC.
In what age group does RDS happen?
newborns - in the first few hours of life.
What are the characteristics of RDS?
Acute asphxia
hypoxia
acidosis
What are two causative factors of RDS?
Prematurity and maternal diabetes
What is RDS in adults called?
Acute RDS (ARDS)
What is asthma?
A reversible lung disease with attacks in which inspiration is obstructived, provoked by allergens.
What is bronchitis?
A condition where the inner lining of the bronchial airways become inflamed, causing expiration to be obstructed.
What is emphsema?
Irreversible lung disease, destruction of alveoli.
What is phenumonia?
Common lung infection caused by microorganisms.
What is a bronchodilator?
An agent that relaxes smooth muscle cells of the bronchioles, increasing airway diameter.
What is a corticosteroid?
A class of drugs that stimulates an enzyme as an anti-inflammatory agent to suppress the immune response
What is a nebulizer?
Uses air flowing past the liquid to create a mist.
What is a peak flow meter?
used twice a day in asthma patients
What is PEFR?
Peak Expiratory Flow Rate
What is a spacer?
Used with a MDI to decrease amount of spray deposited into the back of the throat.
What does MDI stand for?
Metered dose inhaler
What is an antitussive?
Agents that suppress coughing
What is the gold standard of antitussives?
Codeine
What is a common antitussive used?
Dextromethorphan
What is an expectorant?
Enables the patient to rid the lungs and airways of mucus when coughing.
What is the most commonly used OTC expectorant?
guaifenesin
What does guaifenesin do?
Loosens phlegm to make coughs productive and rid the respiratory tract of mucous.
What are some common side effects of guaifenesin?
Vomiting, nausea, GI upset and drowsiness
What is a decongestant?
Stimulates the constriction of the engorged mucus membranes, which promotes drainage, and relieves feeling of stuffiness.
Decongestants should not be used if you are taking medications for what conditions?
Diabetes
Heart disease
Hypertension
Hyperthyroidism
What are some common side effects of decongestants?
Anxiety Inability to sleep Dizziness Headache Increased heart rate Tremor Dry mouth
What is the most used decongestant?
Pseudoephedrine
What two drugs block histamine receptors?
Antihistamines
H2 blockers
Where are H1 receptors found?
The upper respiratory system
Where are H2 receptors found?
GI tract
What are some uses of antihistamines?
Treat allergies, insomnia, relief of hay fever, control of cough.
What are some side effects of antihistamines?
Sedation Dry mouth Hyperactivity in children Constipation Blurred vision
