Endocrine System (Test 4) Flashcards
What is the main function of the endocrine system?
To regulate the functions within the body, to keep it in balance.
What are the chemical messengers of the endocrine system called?
Hormones
What are the 8 parts of the endocrine system?
Pineal gland Pituitary gland Thyroid gland Thymus Adrenal gland Pancreas Ovary Testis
What is the main function of the pineal gland?
Regulate your sleep cycle
What is the main function of the thyroid gland?
Regulate your metabolism
What is the main function of the Parathyroid gland?
Regulate your calcium levels
What is the main function of the Thymus?
Regulate your immune function
What is the main function of the adrenal gland?
Regulate your stress levels
What is the largest gland in the body?
The pancreas
What are the two types of hormones?
Composed of protein
Composed of steroid
Give some examples of hormones produced by the hypothalamus.
TRH, GnRH, GHRH, CRH, Dopamine.
Give some examples of hormones that come from the Anterior pituitary lobe.
GH, prolactin, ACTH, FSH, TSH, LH.
What two hormones are produced in the posterior pituitary lobe?
Oxycotin and ADH
What hormone does the pineal gland produce?
Melatonin
What does the thyroid gland produce?
T3 and T4 and calcitonin
Which is more potent, T3 or T4?
T3
What in the pancreas produces hormones?
Islets of Langerhans
What does the islets of Langerhans in the pancreas produce?
Insulin, glucagon, somatostatin
What are the two adrenal glands?
Adrenal cortex and adrenal medulla
What hormones does the adrenal cortex produce?
Glucocorticoids, Mineralcorticoids, and Androgen
What hormones are produced in the adrenal medulla?
epinephrine and norepinephrine
What is necessary for the production of any thyroid hormones?
Iodine
What is creitinism?
Hypothyroidism at birth, from lack of iodine in the mothers diet.
What are some symptoms of hypothyroidism?
Weight gain
Fatigue
Paleness
Depression
What drug is used to primarily used to treat hypothyroidism?
levothyroxine (Synthroid and Eltroxin)
What is the most common cause of hyperthyroidism?
Graves disease
What are some symptoms of hyperthyroidism?
Weight loss
Fatigue
Weakness
Hyperactivity
What are the two drugs used to treat hyperthyroidism?
Propylthyracil and Tapazole
What is the outer part of the adrenal gland called?
Adrenal cortex
What three hormones are produced in the adrenal cortex?
Glucocorticoids, Mineralcorticoids, and sex hormones.
Where is the pineal gland located?
Mid-brain
What is the purpose of insulin?
Lower the level of sugar in the blood
What two hormones are produced in the ovaries?
Estrogen
Progesterone
What are some causes for male impotence?
testosterone deficiency, alcoholism, cigarette smoking, and medications.
What are some oral medications for impotence?
Viagra
Cialis
Levitra
What are some drugs that can cause a fatal reaction with impotence drugs?
Nitroglycerin
Isosorbide dinitrate and mononitrate
What are the three kinds of oral contraceptives?
Monophasic
Biphasic
Triphasic
What are monophasic oral contraceptives?
Fixed-dose of estrogen and progesterone throughout cycle
What are diphasic oral contraceptives?
Fixed estrogen dose, less progestin in first half of cycle and increases for the second half.
What are triphasic oral contraceptives?
Estrogen dose is same or varies, progestin varies.
What are some side effects of oral contraceptives?
Nausea, weight gain, breast tenderness, mood swings,
What are some of the main drug classes that interact with oral contraceptives?
Antibiotic Anticonvulsants Antifungals bronchodilators Benzodiazepines
What hormone do pregnancy tests test for?
Human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG)
