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Pharmacology > Endocrine System (Test 4) > Flashcards

Endocrine System (Test 4) Flashcards

1
Q

What is the main function of the endocrine system?

A

To regulate the functions within the body, to keep it in balance.

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2
Q

What are the chemical messengers of the endocrine system called?

A

Hormones

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3
Q

What are the 8 parts of the endocrine system?

A 
Pineal gland 
Pituitary gland 
Thyroid gland 
Thymus 
Adrenal gland 
Pancreas
Ovary 
Testis
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4
Q

What is the main function of the pineal gland?

A

Regulate your sleep cycle

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5
Q

What is the main function of the thyroid gland?

A

Regulate your metabolism

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6
Q

What is the main function of the Parathyroid gland?

A

Regulate your calcium levels

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7
Q

What is the main function of the Thymus?

A

Regulate your immune function

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8
Q

What is the main function of the adrenal gland?

A

Regulate your stress levels

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9
Q

What is the largest gland in the body?

A

The pancreas

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10
Q

What are the two types of hormones?

A

Composed of protein

Composed of steroid

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11
Q

Give some examples of hormones produced by the hypothalamus.

A

TRH, GnRH, GHRH, CRH, Dopamine.

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12
Q

Give some examples of hormones that come from the Anterior pituitary lobe.

A

GH, prolactin, ACTH, FSH, TSH, LH.

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13
Q

What two hormones are produced in the posterior pituitary lobe?

A

Oxycotin and ADH

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14
Q

What hormone does the pineal gland produce?

A

Melatonin

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15
Q

What does the thyroid gland produce?

A

T3 and T4 and calcitonin

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16
Q

Which is more potent, T3 or T4?

A

T3

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17
Q

What in the pancreas produces hormones?

A

Islets of Langerhans

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18
Q

What does the islets of Langerhans in the pancreas produce?

A

Insulin, glucagon, somatostatin

19
Q

What are the two adrenal glands?

A

Adrenal cortex and adrenal medulla

20
Q

What hormones does the adrenal cortex produce?

A

Glucocorticoids, Mineralcorticoids, and Androgen

21
Q

What hormones are produced in the adrenal medulla?

A

epinephrine and norepinephrine

22
Q

What is necessary for the production of any thyroid hormones?

A

Iodine

23
Q

What is creitinism?

A

Hypothyroidism at birth, from lack of iodine in the mothers diet.

24
Q

What are some symptoms of hypothyroidism?

A

Weight gain
Fatigue
Paleness
Depression

25
Q

What drug is used to primarily used to treat hypothyroidism?

A

levothyroxine (Synthroid and Eltroxin)

26
Q

What is the most common cause of hyperthyroidism?

A

Graves disease

27
Q

What are some symptoms of hyperthyroidism?

A

Weight loss
Fatigue
Weakness
Hyperactivity

28
Q

What are the two drugs used to treat hyperthyroidism?

A

Propylthyracil and Tapazole

29
Q

What is the outer part of the adrenal gland called?

A

Adrenal cortex

30
Q

What three hormones are produced in the adrenal cortex?

A

Glucocorticoids, Mineralcorticoids, and sex hormones.

31
Q

Where is the pineal gland located?

A

Mid-brain

32
Q

What is the purpose of insulin?

A

Lower the level of sugar in the blood

33
Q

What two hormones are produced in the ovaries?

A

Estrogen

Progesterone

34
Q

What are some causes for male impotence?

A

testosterone deficiency, alcoholism, cigarette smoking, and medications.

35
Q

What are some oral medications for impotence?

A

Viagra
Cialis
Levitra

36
Q

What are some drugs that can cause a fatal reaction with impotence drugs?

A

Nitroglycerin

Isosorbide dinitrate and mononitrate

37
Q

What are the three kinds of oral contraceptives?

A

Monophasic
Biphasic
Triphasic

38
Q

What are monophasic oral contraceptives?

A

Fixed-dose of estrogen and progesterone throughout cycle

39
Q

What are diphasic oral contraceptives?

A

Fixed estrogen dose, less progestin in first half of cycle and increases for the second half.

40
Q

What are triphasic oral contraceptives?

A

Estrogen dose is same or varies, progestin varies.

41
Q

What are some side effects of oral contraceptives?

A

Nausea, weight gain, breast tenderness, mood swings,

42
Q

What are some of the main drug classes that interact with oral contraceptives?

A 
Antibiotic
Anticonvulsants
Antifungals 
bronchodilators 
Benzodiazepines
43
Q

What hormone do pregnancy tests test for?

A

Human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG)

Pharmacology (18 decks)

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