Respiratory drugs

Question 1

Terbutaline

Answer 1

CLASSIFICATIONS =
Adrenergic bronchodilator
short acting b- adrenergic agonist.

USES =
reliever for asthma & COPD

MODE OF ACTION =
selectively stimulates the B2 adrenergic receptors to cause bronchodilation.

ADVERSE EFFECTS =
Tremour , headache, palpitations, tachycardia.

Question 2

Salbutamol , Salmeterol

Answer 2

CLASSIFICATIONS =
Adrenergic bronchodilator
Long acting B -adrenergic agonist.

USES =
Symptom controller for asthma, COPD
(salbutamol - short , salmeterol - long acting)

MODE OF ACTION =
selectively stimulates the B2 adrenergic receptors to cause bronchodilation.

ADVERSE EFFECTS =
Tremor, headache, muscle cramps

Question 3

Ipratropium

Answer 3

CLASSIFICATIONS =
Bronchodilator
Antimuscarinic

USES =
Asthma, COPD (short acting)

MODE OF ACTION =
Blocks acetylcholine from binding to muscarinic receptors, preventing mucous production and bronchoconstriction

ADVERSE EFFECTS =
Headache, cough , dry mouth , nausea, throat irritation

Question 4

Theophylline

Aminophylline

Answer 4

CLASSIFICATIONS =
Bronchodilator
Methlxanthine

USES =
Asthma, COPD
(For more severe in adults , not for children under 2 )
MODE OF ACTION =
MOA not fully understood, action of cAMP within cell which results in a increased cell activity and bronchodilation.

ADVERSE EFFECTS =
Insomnia, anxiety, hyperactivity

Question 5

Prednisone

Prednisolone

Answer 5

CLASSIFICATIONS =
Systemic coricosteriod
Anti-inflammatory

USES =
Asthma, COPD
(Prednisone - tablet , Prenisolone - oral liquid).

MODE OF ACTION =
Reduce inflammatory response, stabilise mast cells, reduce localised oedema and mucous production
( time delay before full effect).

ADVERSE EFFECTS =
long term use- fluid and electrolyte imbalances, hyperglycaemia , calcium imbalances.

Question 6

Fruticasone

Answer 6

CLASSIFICATIONS =
Inhaled corticosteroid
anti-inflammatory

USES =
Asthma, COPD , preference over systemic due to less adverse effects.

MODE OF ACTION =
Reduce inflammatory response, stabilise mast cells, reduce localised oedema and mucous production

ADVERSE EFFECTS =
long term use- fluid and electrolyte imbalances, hyperglycaemia , calcium imbalances.

Question 7

What is asthma?

Answer 7

A chronic lung condition in which the airways are

• more sensitive
• tend to narrow in response to triggers.

Narrowing

• swelling of lining
• increased mucous in airway
• bronchospasm