antihypertennsives

Question 1

Prazosin

Answer 1

antihypertensive
- Hypertension, PVD, Urinary retention

Block α1 receptor sites
- Postural hypotension, nasal congestion, fatigue,

Question 2

Metoprolol, Atenolol

Answer 2

antihypertensive
- Hypertension, Angina, Cardiac arrhythmia
Congestive heart failure

blocks β1 adrenergic receptors in heart - decrease HR - bp and ouput
- dizzy, tired, cold,

Question 3

Propranolol

Answer 3

antihypertensive
- hypertension , angina , arrythmia,

Non-selectively blocks β-receptors, to inhibit SNS response - decrease HR and BP.
- abdo pain , cold

Question 4

labetalol

Answer 4

antihypertensive,
- gestational hypertension

Non-selectively blocks all peripheral adrenoreceptors (α & β receptors)

Question 5

methyldopa

Answer 5

antihypertensive,
- hypertension

Stimulates the α2-receptors (presynaptic), resulting in inhibition of noradrenaline release and diminished SNS response. reduced output and bp
- oedema

Question 6

Verapamil, Diltiazem, Nifedipine

Answer 6

antihypertensive
- hypertension ,angina

blocks flow of calcium ions in to cell,
decrease force of contraction , vasodilation in heart muscle.
- hypotension , flush , skin rash

Question 7

captopril, Enalapril

Answer 7

ACE inhibitor, antihypertensive
- hypertension

inhibts the angiotensin converting enzyme to interrupt the pathway and prevent vasoconstriction and sodium and fluid retention. so bp cant increase.
- hypo, low salt

Question 8

losartan , candesartan

Answer 8

antihypertensive
- hypertension , chronic heart failure.

decrease in systemic vascular resistance
- headache, hypo , dizzy

Question 9

chlorothiazide, hydrochlorothiazide

Answer 9

antihypertensive
-hypertension

acts on cortical segments, decreases sodium reabsorption
- hyponatremia, hypokalaemia.

Question 10

frusemide

Answer 10

antihypertensive , loop diuretic
- oedema and sometimes hypertension

inhibits reabsorption of sodium ,potassium and chloride ions in loop of henle, water loss etc
- deafness, dizziness, electrolyte imbalance

Question 11

spironolactone

Answer 11

Potassium sparing diuretic, antihypertensive
- prevent potassium loss

inhibits action in distal tubule leading to sodium loss and potassium retention.
- dry mouth, headache, GI

Question 12

amiloride

Answer 12

Potassium sparing diuretic, antihypertensive
- prevent potassium loss

acts directly on potassium/sodium interchange causing sodium loss and potassium retention
- nausea, abdo pain, loss appetite

Question 13

mannitol

Answer 13

Osmotic diuretic, antihypertensive
- oedema

directly interferes with osmosis
- electrolyte imbalance, dehydration