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Pharmacology > Respiratory Drugs > Flashcards

Respiratory Drugs Flashcards

1
Q

What is sympathetic stimulation?

A

“fight or flight,” bronchodilation in bronchioles, decrease mucous production

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2
Q

What is parasympathetic stimulation?

A

“rest and digestion,” bronchoconstriction in bronchioles, increase mucous production

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3
Q

What are globlet cells?

A

ciliated, pseudostratified, columnar epithelial cells that secrete mucous

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4
Q

What are alveloli?

A

saclike structures at the end of bronchioles

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5
Q

What are the general treatment goals for respiratory diseases?

A

control of secretions, control of reflexes, maintain normal airflow to the alveoli

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6
Q

What is aerolization?

A

nebulization, allows concentrated drug to be delivered directly into lungs

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7
Q

What are the two basic aerosol delivery systems?

A

nebulizer and metered dose inhalers

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8
Q

What is the clinical use for nebulization?

A

primarily for respiratory infection

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9
Q

What is the clinical use for metered dose inhalers?

A

bronchodilators or steroids; asthma in cats, heaves (COPD or recurrent airways obstruction) in horses, bronchitis in dogs

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10
Q

What are expectorants?

A

drugs that liquify and dilute viscous secretions of respiratory tract and promote evacuation of secretions

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11
Q

What is Guaifenesin?

A

used to relieve cough symptoms related to upper respiratory tract conditions

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12
Q

What are some forms of Guaifenesin?

A

Robitussin, Cough tabs

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13
Q

What drug falls under Mucolytics?

A

Acetylcysteine

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14
Q

What does Acetylcysteine do?

A

chemically alters mucous to decrease viscosity of secretions by breakdown of chemical (disulfide) bonds

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15
Q

What are the side effects of Acetylcysteine?

A

nausea and vomiting when administered orally

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16
Q

What are antitussives?

A

inhibit or suppress coughing

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17
Q

What are the clinical uses for Acetylcysteine?

A

treat acetaminophen toxicity

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18
Q

What properties does Butorphanol Tartrate have?

A

agonist/antagonist opioid with patent antitussive properties

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19
Q

Is Butorphanol controlled or uncontrolled?

A

controlled

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20
Q

What is Butorphanol used for?

A

chronic nonproductive cough in dogs

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21
Q

What are the side effects of Butorphanol?

A

sedation and ataxia

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22
Q

Is Hydrocodone Bitartrate controlled or uncontrolled?

A

controlled (class III)

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23
Q

What is Hydrocodone used for?

A

harsh, nonproductive cough

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24
Q

What are the side effects of Hydrocodone?

A

sedation, constipation, GI upset

25
Q

Is codeine controlled or uncontrolled?

A

controlled (class II, III, IV)

26
Q

What are the side effects of codeine?

A

sedation and constipation

27
Q

What drug is a non-narcotic drug that is similar to codeine?

A

Dextromethorphan

28
Q

What properties does Dextromethorphan not have that differentiates it from codeine?

A

no analgesia (pain control) or addictive properties

29
Q

How does Dextromethorphan work?

A

acts centrally by increasing cough threshold

30
Q

What are the side effects of Dextromethorphan?

A

drowsiness and GI upset

31
Q

What is Temaril-P?

A

combination drug - antitussive (trimeprazine) and a steroid (prednisolone)

32
Q

What are the side effects of Temaril-P?

A

sedation, depression, hypotension

33
Q

What are the 4 categories of bronchodilators?

A

cholinergic blockers, antihistamines, beta-2 adrenergic agonist, methylxanthines

34
Q

How do beta-2 adrenergic agonists work?

A

bind with receptors on smooth muscle fibers and cause relaxation of fibers

35
Q

What are some examples of beta-2 adrenergic agonists?

A

epinephrine, albuterol, clenbuterol (both commonly used), and terbutaline (common)

36
Q

What are some side effects of beta-2 adrenergic agonists?

A

tachycardia and hypertension

37
Q

What are methylxathines?

A

inhibit an enzyme called phosphodiesterase

38
Q

What are some clinical uses of methylxanthines?

A

bronchodilators

39
Q

What are some forms of methylxanthines?

A

theophylline and aminophylline

40
Q

What are some side effects of methylxanthines?

A

GI upset, central nervous system stimulation, tachycardia, ataxia, arrhythmias

41
Q

What are antihistamines?

A

exert effect by reducing histamine release and block H1 receptors on smooth muscle; better at prevention than treatment

42
Q

What are some forms of antihistamines?

A

diphenhydramine (benadryl), hydroxyzine, cyprohepatadine, cetirizine (xyrtec)

43
Q

What are some side effects of antihistamines?

A

sedation and GI upset

44
Q

What are corticosteriods?

A

provide strong anti-inflammatory effects when inhaled with fewer systemic side effects

45
Q

What are corticosteroids used for?

A

used primarily with allergic respiratory conditions

46
Q

What is the most effective drug in the treatment of equine chronic obstructive pulmonary disease?

A

corticosteroids

47
Q

What are considered the drugs of choice in the treatment of chronic airway inflammation in dogs and cats?

A

corticosteroids

48
Q

Which pred can cats not have and why?

A

cats should NOT have prednisone because they do not absorb or convert prednisone to prednisolone as well as dogs

49
Q

What are some clinical uses of corticosteroids?

A

equine heaves, feline asthma, allergic pneumonia

50
Q

What are some forms of corticosteroids?

A

prednisolone, prednisone, beclomethasone, fluticasone propionate (FLOVENT), triamcinolone

51
Q

What is Doxapram hydrochloride?

A

stimulate respiration during/after anesthesia

52
Q

Why would you use Doxapram hydrochloride in neonates?

A

to stimulate respiration after c-section/dystocia

53
Q

What are some forms of Doxapram hydrochloride?

A

Dopram

54
Q

What are the side effects of Doxapram hydrochloride?

A

hypertension, arrhythmias, hyperventilation, CNS excitation, seizures

55
Q

What are mast cell stabilizers?

A

blocks histamines/leukotrienes and may also inhibit bronchospasm

56
Q

What are mast cell stabilizers used for?

A

heaves in horses/RAO

57
Q

What is Naloxone?

A

stimulates respiration by reversing opioid overdose

58
Q

What is Yohimbine?

A

stimulates respiration by reversing xylazine overdose

Pharmacology (13 decks)

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