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Pharmacology > Pain and Anti-inflammatory Drugs > Flashcards

Pain and Anti-inflammatory Drugs Flashcards

1
Q

What is pathological pain?

A

tissue or nerve damage

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2
Q

What is visceral pain?

A

abdominal organs, peritoneum, heart, liver, or lung pain

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3
Q

What is somatic pain?

A

pain in musculoskeletal system

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4
Q

What is neuropathic pain?

A

pain in peripheral or central nervous system, “burning/shooting pain”

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5
Q

What is the best method of pain management?

A

preemptive and multimodal

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6
Q

With spinal lesions, what is the first to go away?

A

superficial pain

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7
Q

With spinal lesions, what is the last to go away?

A

deep pain

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8
Q

How do nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs work?

A

work by inhibiting cyclooxygenase (COX) (blocks COX)

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9
Q

What do COX 2 do?

A

promotes prostaglandins from cell membrane arachidonic acid after tissue injury

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10
Q

What are Salicylates?

A

Aspirin, COX inhibitor (blocks COX) results in analgesia, reduced platelet aggregation

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11
Q

What are some side effects of Salicylates?

A

gastric irritation/ulcers

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12
Q

What is Phenylbutazone?

A

very common large animal NSAID

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13
Q

What are some clinical uses for Phenylbutazone?

A

musculoskeletal inflammation in horses

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14
Q

What are some side effects of Phenylbutazone?

A

GI bleeding, bone marrow suppression

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15
Q

What are some clinical uses for Flunixin Meglumine?

A

good for visceral pain in horses

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16
Q

What are some forms of Flunixin Meglumine?

A

Banamine

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17
Q

What should be done when applying DMSO?

A

wear gloves

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18
Q

What are the clinical uses for Buscopan?

A

colic

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18
Q

What are the side effects of Acetaminophen (Tylenol)?

A

severe effects/death in cats, toxicity in dogs

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19
Q

What are the clinical use for Ketoprofen?

A

musculoskeletal pain

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20
Q

What are the uses for Ibuprofen?

A

not recommended in cats and dogs, safety concerns

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21
Q

What are the clinical uses for Deracoxib?

A

post-op pain management, osteoarthritis

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22
Q

What are some forms of Deracoxib?

A

Deramaxx

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23
Q

What are some clinical uses for Firocoxib?

A

osteoarthritis

24
Q

What are some forms of Firocoxib?

A

Previcox

25
Q

What are some side effects of Meloxicam?

A

renal failure

26
Q

What is a form of Robenacoxib?

A

Onsior

27
Q

What is a form of Polysulfated Glycosaminoglycan?

A

Adequan

28
Q

What are some clinical uses for Hyaluronate Sodium?

A

IV - used to treat synovitis in horses

29
Q

What is Grapiprant?

A

nonsteroidal, non-COX inhibiting, anti-inflammatory drug

30
Q

Opioid agonist-antagonists bind ________.

A

kappa

31
Q

Opioid agonist-antagonists block _________.

A

mu

32
Q

What are some forms of agonist-antagonists?

A

Butorphanol

33
Q

Opioid partial agonists bind ______ but ____________________.

A

bind mu but only partially activate them

34
Q

What are some forms of partial agonists?

A

Buprenorphine

35
Q

Tramadol in unlikely _____________________.

A

unlikely to have meaningful benefits in dogs

36
Q

What are the clinical uses for Alpha-2 Agonists?

A

sedation/analgesia for short, noninvasive procedures

37
Q

What are some forms of Alpha-2 Agonists?

A

Xylazine, Clonidine, Dexmedetomidine, Medetomidine, Romifidine, Detomidine

38
Q

What are some side effects of Alpha-2 Agonists?

A

bradycardia

39
Q

What are some forms of Dissociative anesthetics?

A

Ketamine

40
Q

What are some miscellaneous pain control agents?

A

Lidocaine, Gabapentin, Amantadine

41
Q

What is Gabapentin used for?

A

control neuropathic, osteoarthritis pain, cancer pain

42
Q

What is Amantadine used for?

A

used to control neuropathic pain

43
Q

What are histamines?

A

a chemical release by mast cell when they are stimulated by IgE to allergens

44
Q

What are the clinical uses for Antihistamines?

A

pruritis, anaphylactic shock, urticaria and angioedema associated with allergic reaction

45
Q

What are some forms of Antihistamines?

A

Diphenhydramine, Meclizine, Cetirizine, Chlorpheniramine, Hydroxyzine

46
Q

What are some clinical uses for Methocarbamol?

A

intervertebral disk disease

47
Q

How are corticosteroids categorized?

A

short acting (<12 hours), intermediate acting (12-36 hours), long acting (>48 hours)

48
Q

What are corticosteroids used for?

A

used for immunosuppressive effects

49
Q

What are some short acting corticosteroids?

A

Hydrocortisone, Cortisone

50
Q

What are some intermediate acting corticosteroids?

A

prednisone, prednisolone, methylprednisolone

51
Q

What are some long acting corticosteroids?

A

Dexamethasone, Flumethasone, Bethmethasone

52
Q

How do local/regional topical anesthetic agents work?

A

works by preventing the generation and conduction of nerve impulses in the peripheral nerves

53
Q

What are some clinical uses for local/regional topical anesthetic agents?

A

antiarrhythmic effect, epidural anesthesia, topical anesthesia, nerve block, infiltration of local area

54
Q

What is the onset of Lidocaine?

A

short onset (5-10 minutes)

55
Q

What is the duration of Lidocaine?

A

short duration (1-2 hours)

56
Q

What is the onset of Bupivacaine?

A

longer/slower onset (20 minutes)

57
Q

What is the duration of Bupivacaine?

A

longer duration (4-6 hours)

Pharmacology (13 decks)

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