Cardiac Drugs Flashcards by Kiana White

What is systole?

time when heart is contracted

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What is diastole?

time when heart is relaxed and fills with blood

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What is cardiac output?

stroke volume x beats per minute

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What is stroke volume?

amount of blood ejected with one beat

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What is preload stroke volume?

amount of blood that fills the ventricle during diastole

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What is afterload stroke volume?

resistance that must be overcome to pump blood to body

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What drugs fall under the positive inotropes group?

cardiac glycosides, catecholamines, and inotropic mixed dilators

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What are some forms of cardiac glycosides?

Digoxin

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What are some forms of catecholamines?

epinephrine, isoproterenol, dopamine, dobutamine
(C.E.I.D.D - cats eat iced dunkin donuts)

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What are some forms of inotropic mixed dilators?

pimobendan (vetmedin)

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What do positive inotropic drugs do?

improve the strength of contraction

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What do glycosides do?

improve cardiac contractility, decrease heart rate

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What are the clinical uses for cardiac glycosides?

congestive heart failure, atrial fibrillation, supraventricular tachycardia

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What are the side effects of cardiac glycosides?

usually associated with high/toxic serum levels, drug therapy level should be checked often

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What is the preferred drug for simulation of cardiac contraction during CPR?

epinephrine

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What are the clinical uses for epinephrine?

CPR, anaphylactic shock

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What are the side effects of epinephrine?

hypertension, arrhythmias, anxiety, excitability

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What are the clinical uses for dopamine?

adjunctive treatment of acute heart failure, oliguric renal failure

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What are the side effect of dopamine?

vomiting, tachycardia, dyspnea, blood pressure variation

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What are some clinical uses for Pimobendan?

congestive heart failure

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What are some side effects of Pimobendan?

anorexia, lethargy, diarrhea

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What are the classifications of antiarrhythmic drugs?

Class I (IA, IB, IC), Class II, Class III, Class IV

What are some forms of Class IA antiarrhythmic drugs?

Quinidine and Procainamide

What are the clinical uses of Quinidine?

ventricular arrhythmia and atrial fibrillation in small animals and horses

What are some side effects of Quinidine?

anorexia, vomiting, diarrhea, weakness

What are some clinical uses of Procainamide?

ventricular premature contraction (VPCs), ventricular tachycardia, some forms of atrial tachycardia

What are some side effects of Procainamide?

anorexia, vomiting, diarrhea, hypotension

What are some forms of Class IB antiarrhythmic drugs?

Lidocaine, Tocainide, Mexiletine

What are some clinical uses for Lidocaine?

control VPCs, ventricular tachycardia

What are some forms of Class II antiarrhythmic drugs?

Propranolol, Atenolol

What are some clinical uses for Propranolol?

hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, atrial and ventricular arrhythmias, hypertension

What are some side effects of Propranolol?

bradycardia, hypotension

What are some uses for Atenolol?

decreases heart rate, reduces blood pressure

What are some side effects of Atenolol?

bradycardia, lethargy, hypotension, syncope, heart failure

Beta blockers are the ________,

lol drugs

What are some forms of Class IV antiarrhythmic drugs?

Diltiazem and Amlodipine

What are some clinical uses for Diltiazem?

hypertrophic cardiomyopathy in cats

What are some clinical uses of Amlodipine?

hypertension

What are some forms of vasodilator drugs?

hydralazine, nitroglycerin ointment, prazosin, ACE inhibitors

What are the clinical uses for Hydralazine?

afterload reduction associated with CHF especially mitral valve insufficiency

What are some side effects of Hydralazine?

hypotension, vomiting, diarrhea, sodium and retention, tachycardia

What are the clinical uses for Nitroglycerin ointment?

vasodilator to improve cardiac output and reduce associated pulmonary edema -- small animals

What are some side effects of Nitroglycerin ointment?

application site rash, hypotension

What are some side effects of Prazosin?

hypotension, syncope

What do ACE inhibitors do?

prevent production of vasoconstrictor angiotensin II, preload and significant afterload reduction, decrease sodium/water retention

What are some forms of ACE inhibitors?

Enalapril and Benazepril

What are some side effects of ACE inhibitors?

hypotension, azotemia, vomiting, diarrhea, hyperkalemia

What is the most commonly used group of drugs used in the treatment of heart failure?

Diuretics

What are the clinical uses of Furosemide?

diuretic effect to treat congestive heart failure

What are some side effects of Furosemide?

hypokalemia

What kind of diuretic is Spironolactone?

potassium sparing diuretic

What are the two main goals of dietary management of heart disease?

sodium restriction and maintaining good body weight and condition

What are some ancillary treatments of heart failure?

bronchodilators, oxygen therapy, sedation, aspirin, thoracentesis, and abdominocentesis

What are the three big drugs used to treat congestive heart failure?

Furosemide, Enalapril, Vetmedin