Cardiac Drugs Flashcards
What is systole?
time when heart is contracted
What is diastole?
time when heart is relaxed and fills with blood
What is cardiac output?
stroke volume x beats per minute
What is stroke volume?
amount of blood ejected with one beat
What is preload stroke volume?
amount of blood that fills the ventricle during diastole
What is afterload stroke volume?
resistance that must be overcome to pump blood to body
What drugs fall under the positive inotropes group?
cardiac glycosides, catecholamines, and inotropic mixed dilators
What are some forms of cardiac glycosides?
Digoxin
What are some forms of catecholamines?
epinephrine, isoproterenol, dopamine, dobutamine
(C.E.I.D.D - cats eat iced dunkin donuts)
What are some forms of inotropic mixed dilators?
pimobendan (vetmedin)
What do positive inotropic drugs do?
improve the strength of contraction
What do glycosides do?
improve cardiac contractility, decrease heart rate
What are the clinical uses for cardiac glycosides?
congestive heart failure, atrial fibrillation, supraventricular tachycardia
What are the side effects of cardiac glycosides?
usually associated with high/toxic serum levels, drug therapy level should be checked often
What is the preferred drug for simulation of cardiac contraction during CPR?
epinephrine
What are the clinical uses for epinephrine?
CPR, anaphylactic shock
What are the side effects of epinephrine?
hypertension, arrhythmias, anxiety, excitability
What are the clinical uses for dopamine?
adjunctive treatment of acute heart failure, oliguric renal failure
What are the side effect of dopamine?
vomiting, tachycardia, dyspnea, blood pressure variation
What are some clinical uses for Pimobendan?
congestive heart failure
What are some side effects of Pimobendan?
anorexia, lethargy, diarrhea
What are the classifications of antiarrhythmic drugs?
Class I (IA, IB, IC), Class II, Class III, Class IV
What are some forms of Class IA antiarrhythmic drugs?
Quinidine and Procainamide
What are the clinical uses of Quinidine?
ventricular arrhythmia and atrial fibrillation in small animals and horses
What are some side effects of Quinidine?
anorexia, vomiting, diarrhea, weakness
What are some clinical uses of Procainamide?
ventricular premature contraction (VPCs), ventricular tachycardia, some forms of atrial tachycardia
What are some side effects of Procainamide?
anorexia, vomiting, diarrhea, hypotension
What are some forms of Class IB antiarrhythmic drugs?
Lidocaine, Tocainide, Mexiletine
What are some clinical uses for Lidocaine?
control VPCs, ventricular tachycardia
What are some forms of Class II antiarrhythmic drugs?
Propranolol, Atenolol
What are some clinical uses for Propranolol?
hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, atrial and ventricular arrhythmias, hypertension
What are some side effects of Propranolol?
bradycardia, hypotension
What are some uses for Atenolol?
decreases heart rate, reduces blood pressure
What are some side effects of Atenolol?
bradycardia, lethargy, hypotension, syncope, heart failure
Beta blockers are the ________,
lol drugs
What are some forms of Class IV antiarrhythmic drugs?
Diltiazem and Amlodipine
What are some clinical uses for Diltiazem?
hypertrophic cardiomyopathy in cats
What are some clinical uses of Amlodipine?
hypertension
What are some forms of vasodilator drugs?
hydralazine, nitroglycerin ointment, prazosin, ACE inhibitors
What are the clinical uses for Hydralazine?
afterload reduction associated with CHF especially mitral valve insufficiency
What are some side effects of Hydralazine?
hypotension, vomiting, diarrhea, sodium and retention, tachycardia
What are the clinical uses for Nitroglycerin ointment?
vasodilator to improve cardiac output and reduce associated pulmonary edema – small animals
What are some side effects of Nitroglycerin ointment?
application site rash, hypotension
What are some side effects of Prazosin?
hypotension, syncope
What do ACE inhibitors do?
prevent production of vasoconstrictor angiotensin II, preload and significant afterload reduction, decrease sodium/water retention
What are some forms of ACE inhibitors?
Enalapril and Benazepril
What are some side effects of ACE inhibitors?
hypotension, azotemia, vomiting, diarrhea, hyperkalemia
What is the most commonly used group of drugs used in the treatment of heart failure?
Diuretics
What are the clinical uses of Furosemide?
diuretic effect to treat congestive heart failure
What are some side effects of Furosemide?
hypokalemia
What kind of diuretic is Spironolactone?
potassium sparing diuretic
What are the two main goals of dietary management of heart disease?
sodium restriction and maintaining good body weight and condition
What are some ancillary treatments of heart failure?
bronchodilators, oxygen therapy, sedation, aspirin, thoracentesis, and abdominocentesis
What are the three big drugs used to treat congestive heart failure?
Furosemide, Enalapril, Vetmedin
