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Pharmacology > Cardiac Drugs > Flashcards

Cardiac Drugs Flashcards

1
Q

What is systole?

A

time when heart is contracted

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2
Q

What is diastole?

A

time when heart is relaxed and fills with blood

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3
Q

What is cardiac output?

A

stroke volume x beats per minute

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4
Q

What is stroke volume?

A

amount of blood ejected with one beat

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5
Q

What is preload stroke volume?

A

amount of blood that fills the ventricle during diastole

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6
Q

What is afterload stroke volume?

A

resistance that must be overcome to pump blood to body

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7
Q

What drugs fall under the positive inotropes group?

A

cardiac glycosides, catecholamines, and inotropic mixed dilators

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8
Q

What are some forms of cardiac glycosides?

A

Digoxin

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9
Q

What are some forms of catecholamines?

A

epinephrine, isoproterenol, dopamine, dobutamine
(C.E.I.D.D - cats eat iced dunkin donuts)

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10
Q

What are some forms of inotropic mixed dilators?

A

pimobendan (vetmedin)

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11
Q

What do positive inotropic drugs do?

A

improve the strength of contraction

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12
Q

What do glycosides do?

A

improve cardiac contractility, decrease heart rate

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13
Q

What are the clinical uses for cardiac glycosides?

A

congestive heart failure, atrial fibrillation, supraventricular tachycardia

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14
Q

What are the side effects of cardiac glycosides?

A

usually associated with high/toxic serum levels, drug therapy level should be checked often

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15
Q

What is the preferred drug for simulation of cardiac contraction during CPR?

A

epinephrine

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16
Q

What are the clinical uses for epinephrine?

A

CPR, anaphylactic shock

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17
Q

What are the side effects of epinephrine?

A

hypertension, arrhythmias, anxiety, excitability

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18
Q

What are the clinical uses for dopamine?

A

adjunctive treatment of acute heart failure, oliguric renal failure

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19
Q

What are the side effect of dopamine?

A

vomiting, tachycardia, dyspnea, blood pressure variation

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20
Q

What are some clinical uses for Pimobendan?

A

congestive heart failure

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21
Q

What are some side effects of Pimobendan?

A

anorexia, lethargy, diarrhea

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22
Q

What are the classifications of antiarrhythmic drugs?

A

Class I (IA, IB, IC), Class II, Class III, Class IV

23
Q

What are some forms of Class IA antiarrhythmic drugs?

A

Quinidine and Procainamide

24
Q

What are the clinical uses of Quinidine?

A

ventricular arrhythmia and atrial fibrillation in small animals and horses

25
Q

What are some side effects of Quinidine?

A

anorexia, vomiting, diarrhea, weakness

26
Q

What are some clinical uses of Procainamide?

A

ventricular premature contraction (VPCs), ventricular tachycardia, some forms of atrial tachycardia

27
Q

What are some side effects of Procainamide?

A

anorexia, vomiting, diarrhea, hypotension

28
Q

What are some forms of Class IB antiarrhythmic drugs?

A

Lidocaine, Tocainide, Mexiletine

29
Q

What are some clinical uses for Lidocaine?

A

control VPCs, ventricular tachycardia

30
Q

What are some forms of Class II antiarrhythmic drugs?

A

Propranolol, Atenolol

31
Q

What are some clinical uses for Propranolol?

A

hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, atrial and ventricular arrhythmias, hypertension

32
Q

What are some side effects of Propranolol?

A

bradycardia, hypotension

33
Q

What are some uses for Atenolol?

A

decreases heart rate, reduces blood pressure

34
Q

What are some side effects of Atenolol?

A

bradycardia, lethargy, hypotension, syncope, heart failure

35
Q

Beta blockers are the ________,

A

lol drugs

36
Q

What are some forms of Class IV antiarrhythmic drugs?

A

Diltiazem and Amlodipine

37
Q

What are some clinical uses for Diltiazem?

A

hypertrophic cardiomyopathy in cats

38
Q

What are some clinical uses of Amlodipine?

A

hypertension

39
Q

What are some forms of vasodilator drugs?

A

hydralazine, nitroglycerin ointment, prazosin, ACE inhibitors

40
Q

What are the clinical uses for Hydralazine?

A

afterload reduction associated with CHF especially mitral valve insufficiency

41
Q

What are some side effects of Hydralazine?

A

hypotension, vomiting, diarrhea, sodium and retention, tachycardia

42
Q

What are the clinical uses for Nitroglycerin ointment?

A

vasodilator to improve cardiac output and reduce associated pulmonary edema – small animals

43
Q

What are some side effects of Nitroglycerin ointment?

A

application site rash, hypotension

44
Q

What are some side effects of Prazosin?

A

hypotension, syncope

45
Q

What do ACE inhibitors do?

A

prevent production of vasoconstrictor angiotensin II, preload and significant afterload reduction, decrease sodium/water retention

46
Q

What are some forms of ACE inhibitors?

A

Enalapril and Benazepril

47
Q

What are some side effects of ACE inhibitors?

A

hypotension, azotemia, vomiting, diarrhea, hyperkalemia

48
Q

What is the most commonly used group of drugs used in the treatment of heart failure?

A

Diuretics

49
Q

What are the clinical uses of Furosemide?

A

diuretic effect to treat congestive heart failure

50
Q

What are some side effects of Furosemide?

A

hypokalemia

51
Q

What kind of diuretic is Spironolactone?

A

potassium sparing diuretic

52
Q

What are the two main goals of dietary management of heart disease?

A

sodium restriction and maintaining good body weight and condition

53
Q

What are some ancillary treatments of heart failure?

A

bronchodilators, oxygen therapy, sedation, aspirin, thoracentesis, and abdominocentesis

54
Q

What are the three big drugs used to treat congestive heart failure?

A

Furosemide, Enalapril, Vetmedin

Pharmacology (13 decks)

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