Ophthalmic/Otic Drugs Flashcards by Kiana White

What is the most common method of treatment involving the eyes?

topical medications

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What does Fluorescein Sodium not stain?

does not stain normal corneal epithelium

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When should a Schirmer Tear Test be done?

prior to putting anything else in the eye

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What is Tetracaine HCl used for?

topical anesthesia

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What are Parasympathomimetics/Miotics?

cause miosis (small pupil) and decrease intraocular pressure

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What drugs are Parasympathomimetics/Miotics?

Pilocarpine HCl, Demecarium Bromide

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What is Pilocarpine HCl used for?

glaucoma treatment, treatment of neurologic KCS (not responsive to cyclosporine or tacrolimus)

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What is Demecarium Bromide used for?

reduces IOP for up to 48 hours in dogs, used to treat “good eye” when glaucoma is diagnosed in other eye

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Which Parasympathomimetics/Miotics should not be used in pregnant animals?

Demecarium Bromide

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What drug is a Sympathomimetic?

Epinephrine

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What is Epinephrine used for?

to prevent bleeding after intraocular surgeries

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What are Beta-Adrenergic Antagonists?

used to reduce intraocular pressure

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What drug is a Beta-Adrenergic Antagonist?

Timolol

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What is Timolol used for?

reduces IOP, prevents development of glaucoma in “good eye” when glaucoma is diagnosed in other eye

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What is drug is a Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitor?

Dorzolamide HCl

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What is Dorzolamide HCl used for?

treat glaucoma with no affect on pupil size, protects “good eye”

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What are some side effects of Dorzolamide HCl?

stinging sensation

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Which drug is a Prostaglandin?

Latanoprost

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What is Latanoprost used for?

reduce IOP

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Prostaglandins are more effective with ___________.

Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors

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Which drugs are Mydriatic Cycloplegic Vasoconstrictors?

Phenylephrine HCl, Atropine Sulfate, Tropicamide

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What is Phenylephrine HCl used for?

induced mydriasis prior to cataract surgery

What is Atropine Sulfate used for?

control pain caused by corneal and/or uveal diseases including corneal ulcerations, dilation of pupils up to 120 hours is dogs

What are some side effects of Atropine Sulfate?

hypersalivation in cats, repeated doses in horses can cause colic

What is Tropicamide used for?

primarily for funduscopic examination

What are some side effects of Tropicamide?

less pain control than atropine

What drugs are used to treat Glaucoma?

Mannitol, Timolol, Dichlorphenamide, Latanoprost drops, Pilocarpine (M.T.D.L.P)

What drugs are Anti-inflammatory/Analgesic Ophthalmic Agents?

Cromolyn Sodium, Olopatadine HCl

What is Cromolyn Sodium HCl used for?

treatment of allergic conjunctivitis, may help with seasonal allergies

What is Olopatadine HCl used for?

treat allergies of the eyes

What are some nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents?

Diclofenac Sodium, Flurbiprofen Sodium, Ketorolac tromethamine

What are some side effects of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents?

slow healing time

What are steroidal anti-inflammatory agents used for?

anterior uveitis

What are some side effects of steroidal anti-inflammatory agents?

do NOT use in cats with history of current herpesvirus infection, NEVER use in animals with corneal ulceration or abrasion

What are some forms of antimicrobial ophthalmic therapy?

Amikacin Sulfate, Oxytetracycline (Terramycin), Neomycin Sulfate (NeoPolyBac), Gentamicin Sulfate, Tobramycin Sulfate, Erythromycin, Ocular fluoroquinolones

What is Neomycin Sulfate used for?

corneal infections

What are some miscellaneous ocular antibiotics?

Chloramphenicol, Polymyxin B, Sulfacetamide

What are some side effects of Sulfacetamide?

damage to lacrimal acinar cells (causing dry eye)

What are some ocular antifungals?

Itraconazole, Miconazole, Natamycin

What are some ocular antivirals?

Trifluridine, Idoxuridine, Interferon Alpha, Acyclovir, Valacyclovir, Famciclovir, Ganciclovir, Cidofovir, Penciclovir

What drugs are used to treat feline herpesvirus?

ocular antivirals

What are some forms of anti-collagenase agents?

serum

What drugs are used to treat KCS?

Cyclosporine, Tacrolimus

What are Cerumenolytic agents used for?

emulsify cerumen and purulent exudate

What do Cerumenolytic agents contain?

surfactant, detergent, and bubbling agents

What are antiseptic agents used for?

commonly used with other agents to help treat ear infections

When should chlorhexidine products not be used?

if patient has ruptured ear drum

What are antibiotic potentiating agents?

EDTA - has antimicrobial properties

When should antibiotic potentiating agents be used?

15-30 minutes prior to a topical antibiotic

What do otic corticosteroid preparations do?

reduces buildup of sebaceous and apocrine gland secretions

What are otic antibacterials used to treat?

designed to treat Staphylococcus spp. and Pseudomonas spp.

What are otic antifungals used for?

to treat Malassezia otitis

What are some forms of otic antiparasitic preparations?

Selamectin and fipronil