Ophthalmic/Otic Drugs Flashcards
What is the most common method of treatment involving the eyes?
topical medications
What does Fluorescein Sodium not stain?
does not stain normal corneal epithelium
When should a Schirmer Tear Test be done?
prior to putting anything else in the eye
What is Tetracaine HCl used for?
topical anesthesia
What are Parasympathomimetics/Miotics?
cause miosis (small pupil) and decrease intraocular pressure
What drugs are Parasympathomimetics/Miotics?
Pilocarpine HCl, Demecarium Bromide
What is Pilocarpine HCl used for?
glaucoma treatment, treatment of neurologic KCS (not responsive to cyclosporine or tacrolimus)
What is Demecarium Bromide used for?
reduces IOP for up to 48 hours in dogs, used to treat “good eye” when glaucoma is diagnosed in other eye
Which Parasympathomimetics/Miotics should not be used in pregnant animals?
Demecarium Bromide
What drug is a Sympathomimetic?
Epinephrine
What is Epinephrine used for?
to prevent bleeding after intraocular surgeries
What are Beta-Adrenergic Antagonists?
used to reduce intraocular pressure
What drug is a Beta-Adrenergic Antagonist?
Timolol
What is Timolol used for?
reduces IOP, prevents development of glaucoma in “good eye” when glaucoma is diagnosed in other eye
What is drug is a Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitor?
Dorzolamide HCl
What is Dorzolamide HCl used for?
treat glaucoma with no affect on pupil size, protects “good eye”
What are some side effects of Dorzolamide HCl?
stinging sensation
Which drug is a Prostaglandin?
Latanoprost
What is Latanoprost used for?
reduce IOP
Prostaglandins are more effective with ___________.
Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors
Which drugs are Mydriatic Cycloplegic Vasoconstrictors?
Phenylephrine HCl, Atropine Sulfate, Tropicamide
What is Phenylephrine HCl used for?
induced mydriasis prior to cataract surgery
What is Atropine Sulfate used for?
control pain caused by corneal and/or uveal diseases including corneal ulcerations, dilation of pupils up to 120 hours is dogs
What are some side effects of Atropine Sulfate?
hypersalivation in cats, repeated doses in horses can cause colic
What is Tropicamide used for?
primarily for funduscopic examination
What are some side effects of Tropicamide?
less pain control than atropine
What drugs are used to treat Glaucoma?
Mannitol, Timolol, Dichlorphenamide, Latanoprost drops, Pilocarpine (M.T.D.L.P)
What drugs are Anti-inflammatory/Analgesic Ophthalmic Agents?
Cromolyn Sodium, Olopatadine HCl
What is Cromolyn Sodium HCl used for?
treatment of allergic conjunctivitis, may help with seasonal allergies
What is Olopatadine HCl used for?
treat allergies of the eyes
What are some nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents?
Diclofenac Sodium, Flurbiprofen Sodium, Ketorolac tromethamine
What are some side effects of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents?
slow healing time
What are steroidal anti-inflammatory agents used for?
anterior uveitis
What are some side effects of steroidal anti-inflammatory agents?
do NOT use in cats with history of current herpesvirus infection, NEVER use in animals with corneal ulceration or abrasion
What are some forms of antimicrobial ophthalmic therapy?
Amikacin Sulfate, Oxytetracycline (Terramycin), Neomycin Sulfate (NeoPolyBac), Gentamicin Sulfate, Tobramycin Sulfate, Erythromycin, Ocular fluoroquinolones
What is Neomycin Sulfate used for?
corneal infections
What are some miscellaneous ocular antibiotics?
Chloramphenicol, Polymyxin B, Sulfacetamide
What are some side effects of Sulfacetamide?
damage to lacrimal acinar cells (causing dry eye)
What are some ocular antifungals?
Itraconazole, Miconazole, Natamycin
What are some ocular antivirals?
Trifluridine, Idoxuridine, Interferon Alpha, Acyclovir, Valacyclovir, Famciclovir, Ganciclovir, Cidofovir, Penciclovir
What drugs are used to treat feline herpesvirus?
ocular antivirals
What are some forms of anti-collagenase agents?
serum
What drugs are used to treat KCS?
Cyclosporine, Tacrolimus
What are Cerumenolytic agents used for?
emulsify cerumen and purulent exudate
What do Cerumenolytic agents contain?
surfactant, detergent, and bubbling agents
What are antiseptic agents used for?
commonly used with other agents to help treat ear infections
When should chlorhexidine products not be used?
if patient has ruptured ear drum
What are antibiotic potentiating agents?
EDTA - has antimicrobial properties
When should antibiotic potentiating agents be used?
15-30 minutes prior to a topical antibiotic
What do otic corticosteroid preparations do?
reduces buildup of sebaceous and apocrine gland secretions
What are otic antibacterials used to treat?
designed to treat Staphylococcus spp. and Pseudomonas spp.
What are otic antifungals used for?
to treat Malassezia otitis
What are some forms of otic antiparasitic preparations?
Selamectin and fipronil
