Antibiotics Flashcards
What are some Aminoglycosides?
Amikacin, Gentamicin, Neomycin, Tobramycin
What are some Carbapenems?
Imipenem
What are some First Generation Cephalosporins?
Cephalexin, Cefadroxil, Cephapirin, Cefazolin
What are some Second Generation Cephalosporins?
Cefotetan, Cefoxitin
What are some Third Generation Cephalosporins?
Cefovecin (CONVENIA), Cefpodoxime, Ceftiofur, Ceftriaxone
What are some Fourth Generation Cephalosporins?
Cefepime
What are some Macrolides?
Azithromycin, Erythromycin, Tulathromycin, Tilmicosin, Tylosin
What are some forms of Penicillins?
Amoxicillin, Amoxicillin/Clavulanate, Ampicillin, Penicillin G
What are some forms of Tetracyclines?
Doxycycline, Minocycline
What are some forms of Lincosamides?
Clindamycin
What are some forms of Fluoroquinolones?
Ciprofloxacin, Enrofloxacin, Marbofloxacin, Orbifloxacin
What are some forms of Sulfonamides?
Sulfadiazine/Trimethoprim and Sulfamethoxazole/Trimethoprim (SMZ), Sulfadimethoxine (ALBON)
What are some forms of antibacterials?
Chloramphenicol, Florfenicol, Metronidazole, Rifampin, Vancomycin
What are some forms of Antifungals?
Amphotericin B, Fluconazole, Griseofulvin, Itraconazole, Ketoconazole
What are some forms of Antivirals?
Acyclovir, Famciclovir, Lysine, Oseltamivir (Tamiflu)
What are bactericidals?
kill the organism
What is bacteriostatic?
inhibits growth of organism
What kinds of toxicity are seen with aminoglycosides?
nephrotoxicity, ototoxicity
What are beta-lactams?
antibiotics that bind to and inactivate enzymes required for cell wall synthesis
What are beta-lactamases?
enzymes bacteria produce that break open that ring inhibiting the antibiotic
What is the alternate name for Convenia?
Cefovecin
What infections are Cephalosporins commonly used to treat?
skin infections, cystitis, respiratory disease
What injectable Cephalosporin is used for surgical prophylaxis?
Cefazolin
What is Ceftiofur commonly used for in large animal?
used to treat respiratory infection in large animals and foot rot
What side effect can occur in horses given Erythromycin?
can sometimes cause fatal diarrhea in horses
What infections is azithromycin commonly used for?
Bordetella (Kennel Cough) in dogs, Mycoplasma infections, upper respiratory infections in cats
What does Tulathromycin treat?
respiratory infection in non-lactating dairy cattle , bovine foot rot, infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis
Tilmicosin is potentially lethal to __________________.
humans, swine and horses
What are Tilmicosin and Tylosin used to treat?
bovine respiratory disease, diarrhea in pigs, and poultry diseases
Which drug is a potentiated penicillin containing clavulanic acid?
Amoxicillin/Clavulanate
What does Clavulanic acid do?
binds beta-lactamases and penicillinases produced by bacterial agents
What type of infections might we use the different Penicillins for?
susceptible infections
What can Tetracycline cause in young animals?
causes teeth/bone discoloration in young animals
What can Doxycycline cause in cats?
esophageal stricture in cats
What are Tetracyclines used to treat?
Tick borne diseases (Lyme), Mycoplasma infections and chlamydia (respiratory)
What are the side effects of Fluoroquinolones?
cartilage damage in young growing animals
Why should Fluoroquinolones be used only after culture and sensitivity?
there is concern for resistance
What Fluoroquinolones is commonly used to treat prostate infections?
Enrofloxacin
What are the side effects of Sulfonamides?
KCS in dogs, bone marrow suppression, rapid IV injection can cause weakness, blindness, ataxia, collapse, hemolytic anemia
What are Sulfonamides used for?
E. coli infection in calves, Colibacillosis in swine, prostate infections, susceptible infections
What is Sulfadiazine/Trimethoprim and Sulfamethoxazole/Trimethoprim (SMZ)
used for?
prostate infections and MRSA
What is Sulfadimethoxine used for?
coccidia in dogs, Streptococcus equi in horses, shipping fever complex, bacterial pneumonia and foot rot in cattle
What effect does Chloramphenicol have on humans?
aplastic anemia
What animals is Chloramphenicol prohibited in?
food animals
What are the side effects of Metronidazole?
neurologic disorders (seizures), GI signs, hepatotoxicity there has been reported clostridial diarrhea and death after metronidazole use in horses
What is Rifampin used to treat in large animals?
R. equi in young horses
What are Lincosamides used to treat?
wounds/abscesses, Toxoplasma in cats, bone infections
What is Clindamycin commonly used to treat?
bone, dental infections, and toxoplasmosis
What is the treatment of choice for blastomycosis and is FDA approved for treatment of ringworm in cats?
Itraconazole
What antifungal is also used in Cushing’s treatment?
Ketoconazole
MIC
Minimum Inhibitory Concentration
What is MIC?
the lowest concentration that shows inhibition of growth
What drugs are used to treat Giardia?
Metronidazole
What drugs are used to treat tick borne and rickettsial diseases?
Tetracyclines
