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Y4 FA - Small ruminants > Respiratory diseases of adult sheep > Flashcards

Respiratory diseases of adult sheep Flashcards

1
Q

What are some generalised clinical signs of respiratory disease in sheep?

A
  • Coughing
  • Weight loss
  • Nasal discharge
  • Dyspnoea
  • Sudden death
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2
Q

Name some example causes of respiratory disease in sheep

A
  • Chronic suppurative pneumonia
  • Maedi visna
  • Ovine pulmonary adenomatosis
  • Laryngeal Chondritis
  • Mannheimia haemolytica
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3
Q

Ovine pulmonary adenomatosis is caused by what kind of virus?

A

Retrovirus

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4
Q

What is the disease of ovine pulmonary adenomatosis?

A

Progressive and fatal pulmonary carcinoma

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5
Q

Why does ovine pulmonary adenomatosis become widespread in a flock? (list two reasons)

A
  • Survives several weeks outside the host
  • Long incubation period in the host
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6
Q

Name 4 clinical signs seen in cases of ovine pulmonary adenomatosis

A
  • Sudden death
  • Weight loss
  • Increased respiratory effort
  • Exercise intolerance
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7
Q

Describe the test used to diagnose ovine pulmonary adenomatosis

A

Wheelbarrow test
- Accumulation fluid in lungs “tip sheep up”
- Distressing for sheep, quickly, stop as soon as fluid appears

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8
Q

How else can ovine pulmonary adenomatosis be diagnosed?

A

Postmortem for a definitive diagnosis

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9
Q

Hoe can ovine pulmonary adenomatosis be treated and monitored?

A

No treatment - PTS
Monitor in flock by PM of cull ewes

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10
Q

How can ovine pulmonary adenomatosis be controlled in clean flocks?

A
  • Biosecurity
  • Source from farms known history
  • Double fencing (nose to nose contact)
  • Closed flock (don’t buy in)
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11
Q

How can ovine pulmonary adenomatosis be controlled in infected flocks?

A
  • Cull thin sheep or sheep respiratory signs
  • Don’t keep offspring for breeding
  • Disinfection of housing
  • Reduce close contact housing/ stocking rates I.e. consider outdoor lambing
  • Avoid trough feeding
  • Don’t sell breeding stock
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12
Q

Maedi visna is caused by what kind of virus?

A

Lenti-virus

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13
Q

Describe the two forms of disease caused by Maedi visna virus

A

Maedi = chronic respiratory disease and chronic mastitis
Visna = neurological disease

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14
Q

How is a flock/individuals infected with Maedi visna?

A

When young in mothers milk/colostrum
Lung discharges via respiratory route

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15
Q

Describe the incubation period for Maedi visna and when clinical signs are seen

A

Several years
>2yrs - usually 4-5

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16
Q

Describe the clinical signs seen in a sheep with Maedi visna - respiratory form

A

Progressive and fatal
- Weight loss
- Increased respiratory effort
- Exercise intolerance

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17
Q

Describe the clinical signs seen in a sheep with Maedi visna - neurological form

A

Progressive and fatal
Less common
- weight loss
- abnormal gait
- ataxia
- incoordination
- paralysis
- circling
- head tremor

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18
Q

Other than respiratory and neurological signs, what else may be seen in a sheep infected with Maedi visna?

A

Chronic mastitis

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19
Q

On pathology of a sheep infected with Maedi visna, what secondary bacterial infection may also been seen?

A

Mannhaemia haemolytica

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20
Q

How is Maedi visna diagnosed?

A
  • Pathology: thick mucous in trachea, swollen, heavy lungs
  • Serology: ELISA
21
Q

How may sheep with Maedi visna most commonly present?

A

No clinical signs of respiratory disease but chronic wasting and poor performance

22
Q

How can Maedi visna be controlled?

A
  • Very difficult, by time clinical signs seen 50% flock could be infected
  • Test and cull
  • Don’t breed from any infected
  • Reduce stocking rates, don’t house
23
Q

What is the main pathological change seen in sheep with chronic suppurative pneumonia?

A

Lung abscesses

24
Q

What is the agent that causes chronic suppurative pneumonia?

A

Trueperella pyogenes - or mixed infected e.g. with Pasturellosis

25
Q

List the clinical signs of Chronic suppurative pneumonia

A

Clinical signs often vague
- Chronic weight loss
- Increased resp effort
- Cough
- Nasal discharge
- High temperature

26
Q

‘Texel throat’ is a name often given to describe which disease?

A

Laryngeal Chondritis

27
Q

What animals are most commonly affected by Laryngeal chonditis?

A
  • Mostly Beltex and Texel
  • Rams>Ewes>Lambs
28
Q

Describe the pathology of laryngeal chondritis

A
  • Larynx very narrow and swollen: nodules and abscesses
  • Obstruction of the larynx worsens until the animal dies of suffocation
29
Q

How does laryngeal Chondritis present clinically?

A

Loud inspiratory dyspnoea
Sudden death

30
Q

What features of Texel breeds make them more likely to develop laryngeal chondritis?

A
  • Texel larynx is shorter in length and height. vocal cords closer and narrows to a funnel shape
  • Trachea is also narrower than in other breeds
31
Q

How can laryngeal Chondritis be treated?

A
  • Early in infection
  • Corticosteroids + Broad spectrum, long term antibiotics
32
Q

Suggest an antibiotic that could be used to treat Laryngeal chondritis

A

Penicillin

33
Q

How can laryngeal chondritis be controlled?

A

Breeding, don’t breed from affected rams, also review their genetic line

34
Q

Laryngeal chondritis may be associated with what other condition?

A

Chronic diaphragmatic trauma

35
Q

‘Pink eye’ is the term given for what condition in sheep?

A

Ovine infectious keratoconjunctivitis

36
Q

What is the name of the agent that causes Ovine infectious keratoconjunctivitis?

A

Mycoplasma conjunctivae

37
Q

At what times does spread of Ovine infectious keratoconjunctivitis most commonly happen?

A

Tupping time
Feeding
Mixing of sheep

38
Q

How can Ovine infectious keratoconjunctivitis be treated?

A
  • Early cases respond better
  • Isolate affected sheep
  • Look at risk factors for close contact
  • LA oxytetracycline i/m, repeat 4 days
  • Topical eye antibiotics
39
Q

‘Silage eye’ is the term used to describe which disease?

A

Anterior uveitis

40
Q

What is the agent that causes anterior uveitis?

A

Listeria monocytogenes

41
Q

Anterior uveitis is associated with what type of feeding?

A

baled silage in ring feeders

42
Q

What are the features seen with anterior uveitis?

A
  • Blepharospasm
  • Cloudy cornea
  • Swollen, folded iris
43
Q

How can anterior uveitis be treated?

A
  • Sub-conjunctival oxytet and dexamethasone (1mg)
  • Systemic penicillin
  • Remove source
44
Q

How may poor welfare lead to thin ewes?

A

Undernutrition
Disease
Old age

45
Q

How do thin ewes effect the economics on a farm?

A
  • Fertility
  • Low lamb birth weights
  • Twin lamb disease and poor colostrum
  • Low milk production -> poor lamb growth
  • Ewe death
46
Q

Name 4 chronic respiratory diseases that can lead to thin ewes

A
  • Ovine pulmonary adenomatosis
  • Maedi-visna
  • Chronic suppurative pneumonia
  • Caseous lymphadenitis
47
Q

Name 5 chronic GI diseases that can lead to thin ewes

A

Johnes
PGE
Fluke
Pharyngeal lesion
Teeth/oral lesions

48
Q

What would you asses on the clinical exam of a thin ewe?

A
  • Body condition score
  • Teeth, age
  • Anaemia
  • Lameness
  • Lymph nodes
49
Q

What are some appropriate diagnostic samples to collect when on a farm with thin ewes?

A
  • Faeces (Fluke egg count, Nematode Worm Egg Count, Johnes PCR and/or culture)
  • Serology (MV or Johnes, CLA )
  • Haematology (anaemia, acute/ chronic infection)
  • PM

Y4 FA - Small ruminants (18 decks)

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