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Y4 FA - Small ruminants > Goat Medicine & surgery 1 + 2 > Flashcards

Goat Medicine & surgery 1 + 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Name the licensed anthelmintic for goats

A

Eprinomectin

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2
Q

What is a normal range of rectal temps for a goat?

A

38.7-40.7

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3
Q

What is the normal HR range for a goat?

A

70-120

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4
Q

What is the normal RR for goats?

A

15-30

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5
Q

Where are the blood sampling and injection sites in a goat?

A
  • Jugular: straight neck
  • Subcut: neck, caudal to elbow, escutcheon
  • I/m: quadriceps, neck
  • Oral
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6
Q

Enterotoxaemia in goats is caused by which agent?

A

Clostridium perfingens type D

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7
Q

What are the per-acute and sub-acute signs of enterotoxaemia in goats?

A
  • Per-acute: rapid death / found dead
  • Sub-acute: profuse diarrhoea +/- dysentery
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8
Q

How is enterotoxaemia in goats treated?

A
  • Fluid therapy (electrolytes) – IV, can suture or glue in
  • NSAID +/- additional analgesia
  • ? Charcoal, bismuth
  • TLC & nursing: warmth, stimulation
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9
Q

How can enterotoxaemia be controlled in goats?

A
  • Rumen / metabolic acidosis (Carbohydrate feeding)
  • Sudden diet change (e.g. housing / turnout)
  • Stress (bullying, concurrent illness, trauma)
  • Vaccination ‘4 in 1’ Lambivac
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10
Q

In goats CAE stands for?

A

Caprine arthritis encephalitis

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11
Q

Caprine arthritis encephalitis is associated with what production losses?

A

Early culling, loss of kids, ↓ milk, ↓ export

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12
Q

Why is Caprine arthritis encephalitis difficult to manage?

A

No treatment, no vaccine

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13
Q

Caprine arthritis encephalitis is related to which virus in sheep?

A

Maedi visna

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14
Q

What are the clinical signs of Caprine arthritis encephalitis?

A

Rare and unspecific
- Arthritis
- Encephalitis (young kids) – neurological signs (fitting, spasm, etc.)
- Mastitis
- Weight loss

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15
Q

How can Caprine arthritis encephalitis be controlled?

A

Interrupt infection spread
- Infected dam -> udder infection -> milk & colostrum
- Test & cull females
- Avoid pooled milk / colostrum NB: colostrum not protective

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16
Q

What are the 4 clinical manifestations of listeriosis in goats?

A
  • Encephalitis
  • Septicaemia
  • Sudden death
  • Abortion
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17
Q

How is listeriosis diagnosed?

A
  • Clinical signs
  • Lab: CSF, serology
  • PME
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18
Q

How is listeriosis treated?

A

Aggressive and prompt
- Antibiotics – high dose
- NSAID
- IVFT (alkaline) – animal goes into metabolic acidosis due to salvia loss as they don’t swallow it
- TLC: deep bedding (animals are often recumbent), warmth, quiet & dark (they will be sensitive to light and noise), rumen flora, energy

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19
Q

How is listeriosis prevented?

A

Silage technique
- Blade height
- Good fermentation
- No aerobic spoilage
- Remove left overs

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20
Q

List 6 notifiable diseases in goats

A
  • Bluetongue
  • Brucella
  • Caseous lymphadenitis
  • Foot and mouth
  • Maedi visna
  • Scrapie
  • Rabies
  • Sheep and goat pox
  • Contagious agalactiae
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21
Q

Weight loss/poor BCS could be linked to which diseases in goats?

A
  • Endoparasites
  • Nutrition (incl. bullying, ‘attractiveness’)
  • Dental problem
  • CAE
  • Johne’s disease
  • Scrapie
  • Neoplasia
  • Lameness
  • Bovine Tuberculosis
22
Q

Name 4 causes of respiratory disease in goats

A
  • Pasteurellosis (Mannheimia haemolytica)
  • Mycoplasmosis
  • Lungworm
  • Bovine TB
23
Q

Name some possible causes of anaemia in goats

A
  • Haemolysis or haemorrhage
  • Endoparasites
  • Lice (sucking)
  • Blood parasites e.g. babesia
  • Chronic inflammatory disease
24
Q

Goats have their own spp of which parasite so wont be infected by the cow/sheep strains?

A

Coccidia

25
Q

What are the clinical signs of endoparasite infections in goats

A
  • Weight loss / poor growth, decreased milk yield, anaemia,
  • Severe D+, dehydration, protein-loss (particularly albumin), death
26
Q

List the following mange mites in order of increasing causes of pruritis and state where they would be found on the body
- Sarcoptes
- Chorioptes
- Psoroptes

A
  • Chorioptes (least) - tail and head
  • Psoroptes - skin folds
  • Sarcoptes - head and neck
27
Q

Pygmy goat syndrome is also known as?

A

Seborrhoeic dermatitis

28
Q

What are the clinical signs of pygmy goat syndrome?

A

1°/ 2 ° keratinisation disorder
- Hair loss & skin flaking/crusting around eyes, lips, ears, chin, ventrally & perineum

29
Q

How is pygmy goat syndrome treated?

A

Topical steroid +/- AB; antiseptic or Seleen shampoo

30
Q

What may affect udder health in goats?

A
  • Teat biting in adult dairy goats
  • Udder impetigo (staphylococcal)
  • Udder enlargement: pseudopregnancy, suspensory ligament fracture
31
Q

Describe the most common form of mastitis seen in goats

A

Clinical, grade 3 +/- gangrenous

32
Q

Which agent is the most common cause of mastitis in goats?

A

Staph aureus

33
Q

Why must you take care if a goat has a ‘fish-tail’ teat?

A

Not supernumerary - both parts are connected to the teat canal

34
Q

Goats have dystocia for which reason most commonly?

A

Maldisposition

35
Q

Describe the feature of floppy kid disease

A

From 3do to 3wo
Biggest and healthiest
One in the litter affected
- No D+ or dehydration
- Possible metabolic acidosis?

36
Q

How is floppy kid disease treated?

A

Bicarbonate, electrolytes, nursing

37
Q

Sticky kid disease is hereditary in which breed?

A

Golden guernsey

38
Q

Describe sticky kid disease

A

One of litter
Remain damp after birth
Much more susceptible to respiratory disease

39
Q

How is sticky kid disease treated?

A

It isn’t
Consider euthanasia as you don’t want them in the breeding pool

40
Q

Goats require lower doses of which drugs?

A

Local anaeststics!

41
Q

Name the 2 drug options for sedating drugs

A

Xylazine IM or IV
+/- Butorphanol IV

42
Q

What are some general considerations of treating goats?

A
  • Consider GA over local
  • Starvation
  • Tetanus cover
  • Antibiosis
  • NSAIDs
  • Fly control
  • Positioning
43
Q

Describe the drugs used to induce a goat for anaesthesia

A
  • Xylazine IV or IM
  • +/- butorphanol IV
  • Plus ketamine
  • Reversal atipamezole
44
Q

How is hypothermia managed in goats?

A
  • Cover
  • Soak up fluids
  • Warm lavage fluids
  • Bair hugger / hot hands / hot water bottle
  • 5% glucose i/v
  • Feed post-op
45
Q

Which drugs can be used for analgesia in goats?

A
  • Fentanyl patch
  • Butorphanol
  • Buprenorphine
  • Meloxicam
46
Q

Ringing castration is legal in goats until what age?

A

7do

47
Q

Castration with anaesthesia and performed by a vet must be done if a goat is over what age?

A

2 months

48
Q

Temporary castration of a goat can be done using?

A

An anti-GnRH vaccine

49
Q

Name the 2 nerves blocked when dehorning adult goats

A

Cornual branch of infratrochlear nerve
Cornual branch of lacrimal nerve

50
Q

What are the considerations to be made surrounding dehorning goats?

A
  • 2 nerves to block
  • GA and local block
  • thin skull, base of horn is wide
  • major surgery
  • indicated if there is a broken horn or if the animal is severely aggressive
51
Q

What are the 2 major risk factors for urolithiasis in goats?

A

Pet goats: concentrates
Poor water quality

Y4 FA - Small ruminants (18 decks)

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