Camelids Flashcards
Camelids should be regularly assessed to observe?
- Bright, alter, responsive
- Within group, same rank
- BCS
Reduction BCS (BW) by:
- ½ (5%) = ?
- 1 (10%) = ?
- 2 (20%) = ?
- ½ (5%) = observe
- 1 (10%) = vet
- 2 (20%) = urgent
If a camelid appear sick what should you assume?
It is sicker than it appears
Why is it important to perform bloods on camelids?
A lot of areas are hard to assess on a clinical exam
How is blood sampling carried out in camelids?
Blind – won’t see vein rise. Use bony landmarks to find jugular groove
Why must care be given to camelids receiving glucose in their fluids?
Need to monitor as they have a high insulin resistance and can tip into hyperglycaemia
What kinds of fluids are given to camelids?
Alkaline
Where is the jugular catheter placed in the neck?
Right is right – RHS of neck
Towards heart
Upper 1/3 of neck
When handling what are some signs they are surpassing the stress threshold?
- Mouth breathing
- Struggling
- Stress fold below eye
- Laboured breathing
- Rapid oscillation of eye
- Head bending over back
What are 4 causes of abdominal distention in a camelid?
- Ascites
- SI obstruction
- Bloat
- Pregnancy
What are 4 causes of colic in camelids?
- Phytobezoar
- Enteritis
- Spiral colon torsion
- Gaseous distention
What is the best tool when assessing a camelids abdomen?
Ultrasound
Where are microchips placed in camelids?
Upper left neck
Care with angle (30-45°)
Which vaccination is a MUST in camelids?
Clostridial
Which other vaccination are given to camelids as required?
- Bluetongue
- Orf
- Leptospirosis
- Salmonellosis
- Rota and coronavirus
What are the clinical signs of an endoparasite infection in camelids?
- Soft faeces (Diarrhoea)
- Ill thrift
- Anaemia
- Malaise & death
What are the cut-offs for the FECs of the following parasites?
- Trichostrongyle-type
- Fluke
- Nematodirus
- Haemonchus
- Lungworm
- 300-400
- 1
- 1
- Any
- Any
If there is a high fluke forecast, when do you want to dose?
6 weeks later
Which benzimidazole cannot be used in pregnant camelids?
Albendazole
Levamisole can only be used if?
The animals can be weighed
Name 2 anti-fluke drugs used in camelids
Triclabendazole
Closantel
At what points in life should camelids be treated against coccidiosis?
Early-born crias @ weaning
Late-born crias @ 2-3 mo
Adults after stress
Incoming animals
Describe ivermectin treatments for sarcoptic and chorioptic mange
- Injectable for Sarcoptic mange
- Pour-on for Chorioptic mange
- Typically 3 - 4 treatments
- 7 – 10 days apart
- Treat the whole group
If a lump is found on a camelid what must be ruled out?
Caseous lymphadenitis
What is the agent that causes caseous lymphadenitis?
Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis
What is the main clinical sign on anaemia in camelids?
pale mm
When performing RBC counts for camelids what must be considered to get accurate results?
Camelids have elliptical RBCs – if the machine isn’t calibrated to this they will get miscounted as thrombocytes
Be suspicious if the count comes back as low RBC count but high platelet count
What is the main DDx for anaemia in caemids?
Cardio-vascular compromise
- Pulse deficit, heart murmur, cold extremities, CRT
List some example causes of anaemia in camelids
- Chronic disease
- Haemonchosis, fluke
- Gastric ulceration
- Haemolysis (urine sample)
- Ivermectin toxicity
- Mycoplasma
What 2 steps must occur in preparation of a camelids being castrated over 18mo?
- Tetanus cover
- Withhold concentrated for 24hrs
What are the top 3 causes of weight loss in caemlids?
Parasites
Tooth/jaw issues
Bullying
Why would you trim incisors in camelids?
If poor BCS, quidding, etc
How can you tell apart a deciduous and permanent incisor?
Deciduous = whiter
Permanent = dirtier, parallel sides
Why is it more likely that you wouldn’t intervene with a retained incisor?
Long roots make these difficult to remove
- if the animal is eating fine and theres no impaction, best to leave alone
The ‘triple stun’ used for sedating camelids uses which 3 drugs?
Xylazine
Ketamine
Butorphanol
Which 2 drugs are used for sedating a cria?
Butorphanol
Diazepam
Which drugs can be used for induction in camelids?
Xylazine
OR
Detomidine +/- butorphanol
What are 3 considerations when recovering camelids from anaesthetic?
- Extubate as late as possible
- Supplement oxygen
- Support head and neck
Which 4 drugs can be used for analgesia in camelids?
- Fentanyl patch
- Butorphanol
- Buprenorphine
- Meloxicam
How can you gain some room when trying to assist a foetus coming through a small pelvis?
Rotate by 30-45 degrees gains 1-2cm
When there is dystocia how long should you wait before resorting to plan B?
15 minutes
Describe the steps involved in a camelid c-section
- Local»_space; GA
- 45° – lateral recumbency
- Left flank
- thin layers
- spleen sits right below incision
- lavage not swabbing
GA is preferred over local in which spp?
Goats
Foetal membranes usually pass after how long?
1-3 hours
Foetal membranes are classed as retained after how long?
6 hours
Name some peri-parturient complications in camelids?
- Uterine torsion
- Vaginal prolapse
- Uterine prolapse
- Mastitis
- Endometritis
