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Y4 FA - Small ruminants > Camelids > Flashcards

Camelids Flashcards

1
Q

Camelids should be regularly assessed to observe?

A
  • Bright, alter, responsive
  • Within group, same rank
  • BCS
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2
Q

Reduction BCS (BW) by:
- ½ (5%) = ?
- 1 (10%) = ?
- 2 (20%) = ?

A
  • ½ (5%) = observe
  • 1 (10%) = vet
  • 2 (20%) = urgent
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3
Q

If a camelid appear sick what should you assume?

A

It is sicker than it appears

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4
Q

Why is it important to perform bloods on camelids?

A

A lot of areas are hard to assess on a clinical exam

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5
Q

How is blood sampling carried out in camelids?

A

Blind – won’t see vein rise. Use bony landmarks to find jugular groove

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6
Q

Why must care be given to camelids receiving glucose in their fluids?

A

Need to monitor as they have a high insulin resistance and can tip into hyperglycaemia

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7
Q

What kinds of fluids are given to camelids?

A

Alkaline

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8
Q

Where is the jugular catheter placed in the neck?

A

Right is right – RHS of neck
Towards heart
Upper 1/3 of neck

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9
Q

When handling what are some signs they are surpassing the stress threshold?

A
  • Mouth breathing
  • Struggling
  • Stress fold below eye
  • Laboured breathing
  • Rapid oscillation of eye
  • Head bending over back
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10
Q

What are 4 causes of abdominal distention in a camelid?

A
  • Ascites
  • SI obstruction
  • Bloat
  • Pregnancy
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11
Q

What are 4 causes of colic in camelids?

A
  • Phytobezoar
  • Enteritis
  • Spiral colon torsion
  • Gaseous distention
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12
Q

What is the best tool when assessing a camelids abdomen?

A

Ultrasound

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13
Q

Where are microchips placed in camelids?

A

Upper left neck
Care with angle (30-45°)

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14
Q

Which vaccination is a MUST in camelids?

A

Clostridial

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15
Q

Which other vaccination are given to camelids as required?

A
  • Bluetongue
  • Orf
  • Leptospirosis
  • Salmonellosis
  • Rota and coronavirus
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16
Q

What are the clinical signs of an endoparasite infection in camelids?

A
  • Soft faeces (Diarrhoea)
  • Ill thrift
  • Anaemia
  • Malaise & death
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17
Q

What are the cut-offs for the FECs of the following parasites?
- Trichostrongyle-type
- Fluke
- Nematodirus
- Haemonchus
- Lungworm

A
  • 300-400
  • 1
  • 1
  • Any
  • Any
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18
Q

If there is a high fluke forecast, when do you want to dose?

A

6 weeks later

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19
Q

Which benzimidazole cannot be used in pregnant camelids?

A

Albendazole

20
Q

Levamisole can only be used if?

A

The animals can be weighed

21
Q

Name 2 anti-fluke drugs used in camelids

A

Triclabendazole
Closantel

22
Q

At what points in life should camelids be treated against coccidiosis?

A

Early-born crias @ weaning
Late-born crias @ 2-3 mo
Adults after stress
Incoming animals

23
Q

Describe ivermectin treatments for sarcoptic and chorioptic mange

A
  • Injectable for Sarcoptic mange
  • Pour-on for Chorioptic mange
  • Typically 3 - 4 treatments
  • 7 – 10 days apart
  • Treat the whole group
24
Q

If a lump is found on a camelid what must be ruled out?

A

Caseous lymphadenitis

25
Q

What is the agent that causes caseous lymphadenitis?

A

Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis

26
Q

What is the main clinical sign on anaemia in camelids?

A

pale mm

27
Q

When performing RBC counts for camelids what must be considered to get accurate results?

A

Camelids have elliptical RBCs – if the machine isn’t calibrated to this they will get miscounted as thrombocytes
Be suspicious if the count comes back as low RBC count but high platelet count

28
Q

What is the main DDx for anaemia in caemids?

A

Cardio-vascular compromise
- Pulse deficit, heart murmur, cold extremities, CRT

29
Q

List some example causes of anaemia in camelids

A
  • Chronic disease
  • Haemonchosis, fluke
  • Gastric ulceration
  • Haemolysis (urine sample)
  • Ivermectin toxicity
  • Mycoplasma
30
Q

What 2 steps must occur in preparation of a camelids being castrated over 18mo?

A
  • Tetanus cover
  • Withhold concentrated for 24hrs
31
Q

What are the top 3 causes of weight loss in caemlids?

A

Parasites
Tooth/jaw issues
Bullying

32
Q

Why would you trim incisors in camelids?

A

If poor BCS, quidding, etc

33
Q

How can you tell apart a deciduous and permanent incisor?

A

Deciduous = whiter
Permanent = dirtier, parallel sides

34
Q

Why is it more likely that you wouldn’t intervene with a retained incisor?

A

Long roots make these difficult to remove
- if the animal is eating fine and theres no impaction, best to leave alone

35
Q

The ‘triple stun’ used for sedating camelids uses which 3 drugs?

A

Xylazine
Ketamine
Butorphanol

36
Q

Which 2 drugs are used for sedating a cria?

A

Butorphanol
Diazepam

37
Q

Which drugs can be used for induction in camelids?

A

Xylazine
OR
Detomidine +/- butorphanol

38
Q

What are 3 considerations when recovering camelids from anaesthetic?

A
  • Extubate as late as possible
  • Supplement oxygen
  • Support head and neck
39
Q

Which 4 drugs can be used for analgesia in camelids?

A
  • Fentanyl patch
  • Butorphanol
  • Buprenorphine
  • Meloxicam
40
Q

How can you gain some room when trying to assist a foetus coming through a small pelvis?

A

Rotate by 30-45 degrees gains 1-2cm

41
Q

When there is dystocia how long should you wait before resorting to plan B?

A

15 minutes

42
Q

Describe the steps involved in a camelid c-section

A
  • Local&raquo_space; GA
  • 45° – lateral recumbency
  • Left flank
  • thin layers
  • spleen sits right below incision
  • lavage not swabbing
43
Q

GA is preferred over local in which spp?

A

Goats

44
Q

Foetal membranes usually pass after how long?

A

1-3 hours

45
Q

Foetal membranes are classed as retained after how long?

A

6 hours

46
Q

Name some peri-parturient complications in camelids?

A
  • Uterine torsion
  • Vaginal prolapse
  • Uterine prolapse
  • Mastitis
  • Endometritis

Y4 FA - Small ruminants (18 decks)

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