Respiratory Flashcards
What are 4 major functions of the conducting zone?
1-warms and humidifies
2-removes and traps pathogens
3-sense of smell
4-drains and clears paranasal sinus and lacrimal duct
What are the two kinds of epithelium in the respiratory tract?
Respiratory epithelium
Olfactory epithelium
Where is olfactory epithelium found?
Superior turbinate (concha) and roof of nasal cavity.
*the remainder of the respiratory system is covered with respiratory epithelium
Where are bowman glands found? And what do they produce?
In olfactory epithelium lamina propia. They produce liquid for olfactory nerves and facilitate odor detection
What are the two zones of the respiratory system?
Conducting zone
Respiratory zone
What is the larynx?
Cartilage reinforced passage between trachea and pharynx. Also plays role in sound production
What type of tissue covers the large vocal
Muscles in the larynx?
Stratified squamous epithelium
What landmarks delineate where the trachea is found?
Between the larynx and the carina (bifurcation)
What gives the trachea it’s open shape?
C-shaped cartilage rings
What layers is the trachea made up of?
Mucosa
Lamina propia
Tunica adventitia
What are the three major cell types in tracheal mucosa?
Mucous goblet cells
Basal cells (short)
Ciliated columnar cells
What other cells are found in the lamina propia?
Seromucous glands
What do the serous and mucous glands do?
Serous: humidify air
Mucous: trap particles
Why are the cartilages c-shaped?
Allow For expansion while resisting compression. Important for swallowing
What structure branches off of the trachea?
Left and right primary bronchi (single=bronchus)
What are the 3 components of the bronchi lamina propia?
Smooth muscle
Elastic tissue
Cartilage plates
What 4 things decrease as you approach alveoli?
Cartilage
Glands
Goblet cells
Height of epithelial cells (start loosing cilia)
What 3 things increase as you approach the alveoli?
1-Smooth muscle
2-Elastic tissue
3-Bronchus/mucous associated lymphatic tissue (MALT/BALT)
What 4 things are characteristic of terminal
Bronchioles?
1-Marks the end of conduction
2-Some ciliates cells
3-Clara cells
4-no cartilage
What are Clara cells?
club shaped non-ciliated with secretory granules. They secrete surfactant and anti microbial peptides and cytokines
Where does gas exchange begin?
Respiratory bronchioles
What separates each alveoli? What connects them?
Interalveolar septum separates
Alveolar pore connects
What are the three types of alveolar cells?
Type 1
Type 2
Dust cells
What are the characteristics of type 1 pneumocytes?
Most of the alveolar cell surface
Very thin and flattened
Joined by tight junctions
What characterizes type 2 pneumocytes?
Large and cuiboidal
Function as stem cells
Produce surfactant
What is surfactants function?
Reduce alveolar fluid surface tension
Discourage collapse
What are dust cells?
Alveolar macrophages-final line of defense
